This assay quantifies fluoride (F⁻), a naturally occurring mineral that may be added for dental health benefits or present as an environmental contaminant. Monitoring fluoride ensures products remain within safe and regulated limits.

Samples are analyzed for fluoride content using validated instrumentation and calibration standards. Quality controls confirm accuracy and reproducibility across matrices.

Results are reported in mg/L (water, beverages) or mg/kg (solids), with the option to convert to mg/serving for finished products. Testing verifies compliance with drinking water standards, confirms product labeling, and ensures consumer safety.

This analysis detects and quantifies foreign matter—such as stems, soil, stones, plastics, or other non-declared materials—in botanical, powdered, or granular ingredients. It ensures that plant-derived or food-grade materials meet pharmacopeial purity standards and are free from contamination or adulteration.

A representative sample is visually examined on a clean, flat surface under adequate lighting. Foreign matter is manually separated, weighed, and reported as a percentage of the total sample weight. The method typically follows USP <561>, EP 2.8.2, or equivalent quality standards for botanicals and herbal products.

Results are reported as % w/w (percent by weight). Acceptable limits vary by material but are often ≤2%. This test confirms material integrity and detects contamination that could compromise product safety or quality.

This assay quantifies formaldehyde (HCHO) using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The method provides high sensitivity and specificity for detecting formaldehyde in complex matrices and trace concentrations.

Samples are derivatized to stabilize formaldehyde before injection into the GC-MS system. The derivatized compound is separated chromatographically and detected by mass spectrometry. Calibration with certified reference materials and internal standards ensures accuracy and precision.

Results are reported in mg/kg (solids) or mg/L (liquids). Testing verifies that formaldehyde levels meet global safety standards, identifies contamination or preservative residues, and supports product integrity and regulatory compliance.

This test determines the concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) in oils, fats, lipid-containing raw materials, and finished products. FFA are released when triglycerides break down through hydrolysis, making elevated levels a useful indicator of ingredient degradation, poor storage conditions, moisture exposure, or inadequate processing control. Results are typically reported as % FFA, commonly expressed as an equivalent of a specified reference fatty acid such as oleic acid.

FFA testing provides a practical measure of hydrolytic rancidity and overall lipid quality. Monitoring FFA supports supplier qualification, incoming-material acceptance, shelf-life evaluation, and investigation of off-odor, off-flavor, or product-stability concerns. The result should be interpreted alongside complementary oxidation tests, such as peroxide value, anisidine value, and TOTOX, where applicable.

This assay measures fructans, including inulin-type oligosaccharides, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index detection (HPLC-RI). The method provides accurate quantification of fructan polymers across raw materials and finished products.

Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated HPLC-RI chromatographic conditions. Fructan fractions are separated based on molecular size and quantified against certified reference standards. Calibration curves and replicate injections ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies fiber content claims, supports prebiotic labeling, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency.

This assay quantifies gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a naturally occurring inhibitory neurotransmitter used in calming, sleep, and mood-support supplements. Using LC-MS/MS, it verifies GABA content in capsules, powders, and functional beverages to confirm label claims and ensure consistent therapeutic dosing.

Samples are extracted using aqueous or acidified solvents and analyzed by LC-MS/MS with compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified GABA standards with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision and reproducibility.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and declared label claims to confirm active content and detect degradation or underformulation.

This panel quantifies major bioactive compounds in ginger, including gingerols and shogaols. Using HPLC, it measures six key analytes—6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol, and 10-shogaol—to verify potency, support standardization, and ensure label accuracy in functional foods, extracts, and digestive supplements.

Samples are extracted using alcohol-based solvents under light- and heat-controlled conditions. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at compound-specific wavelengths. Quantification is performed using certified standards for each gingerol and shogaol, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure accuracy.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving for each compound. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm active content, assess extract quality, and detect degradation due to heat or improper storage.

This panel quantifies the primary gingerol compounds found in ginger root: 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol. Using HPLC, it measures each compound individually and calculates total gingerols to support standardization in functional foods, herbal extracts, and digestive health supplements.

Samples are extracted with alcohol-based solvents under temperature- and light-controlled conditions. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a compound-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified gingerol standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections for precision.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving for each compound and total gingerols. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to verify potency, support consistency, and detect degradation or variability in botanical source material.

This test confirms the botanical identity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in raw materials and finished products using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). HPTLC produces a characteristic chromatographic fingerprint based on ginger's bioactive gingerol and shogaol compounds, which is compared against a certified Zingiber officinale reference standard to confirm species authenticity and detect substitution or adulteration. Results are reported as confirmed identity or non-conforming.

A representative sample is extracted using methanol or ethanol and applied alongside a certified ginger reference standard onto an HPTLC silica gel plate using an automated applicator. The plate is developed in a validated solvent system, dried, and derivatized with a detection reagent such as anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid or vanillin-sulfuric acid to visualize the characteristic gingerol and shogaol marker bands. The resulting fingerprint is compared visually and by densitometric scanning to the reference standard pattern. Identity is confirmed when the sample fingerprint matches the reference in terms of Rf values, band positions, and color profile, per established HPTLC botanical identity methods.

Ginger is a high-volume botanical ingredient subject to adulteration with related Zingiberaceae species or dilution with non-botanical fillers. HPTLC identity testing provides a rapid, cost-effective, and scientifically defensible confirmation of botanical species, supporting supplier qualification, label accuracy, and compliance with cGMP identity testing requirements under 21 CFR 111.

This panel quantitatively analyzes eight major ginsenosides—Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, and Rg2—in Panax ginseng extracts, powders, and supplements. Using LC‑MS/MS, it provides detailed profiling for quality control, authenticity verification, and label compliance in adaptogenic and longevity-focused formulations.

Samples are extracted using methanol–water solvent under controlled conditions. The extract is analyzed by LC‑MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions optimized for each ginsenoside. Quantification uses certified reference standards and internal standard correction, with duplicate injections ensuring precision. Calibration spans ~0.5–200 ng/mL for each analyte

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving for each compound and total ginsenosides. Values are compared to botanical standardization targets and label claims to confirm extract potency, detect adulteration, and ensure consistency across batches.

This assay quantifies glucosamine, a key structural compound used in joint support supplements, typically in the form of glucosamine sulfate or glucosamine HCl. Using LC-MS/MS, it confirms active content in capsules, tablets, and powders to support label accuracy and formulation consistency.

Samples are extracted in aqueous solution and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified glucosamine standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to label claims and formulation targets to confirm proper dosing and detect possible degradation or underformulation.

This assay quantifies reduced glutathione (GSH), the bioactive form of glutathione, in oral supplements including standard capsules, powders, and liposomal products. Using HPLC, it verifies glutathione potency and ensures that the compound is present in its reduced, effective form—critical for products marketed for detoxification, oxidative stress, and skin health.

Samples are extracted under light- and oxygen-protected conditions to prevent oxidation. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with detection at a compound-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using high-purity reduced glutathione standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure accuracy.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared with formulation targets and label claims. Testing confirms glutathione stability and bioactive content, and helps validate antioxidant and detox claims while detecting potential degradation or oxidation over time.

This assay detects gluten proteins derived from wheat, barley, or rye in food products. It is critical for confirming that products labeled as gluten-free contain only trace levels of gluten. The method is designed to work with processed foods, ensuring that denatured gluten proteins are still detectable.

Samples are extracted with a specialized buffer that releases gluten proteins from the matrix. The extract is added to ELISA plates coated with antibodies against gluten epitopes. Following incubation and washing, a secondary enzyme-linked antibody is added and a color reaction is developed. Absorbance readings are compared to a standard curve, with duplicate analyses and controls ensuring consistency.

Gluten content is reported in ppm. Values below the established threshold (commonly 20 ppm) confirm gluten-free status, while any level above this may indicate contamination and require corrective measures. The results help verify allergen control and labeling accuracy.

This test quantifies glycerol (glycerin) — a naturally occurring trihydroxy sugar alcohol used as a humectant, solvent, and functional ingredient in food, dietary supplement, and sports nutrition applications — in raw materials and finished products using Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Glycerol is increasingly used as a hyperhydration agent in endurance sports nutrition products, and accurate quantification is important for label claim verification and for confirming that the declared amount of this functional ingredient is present. LC-MS/MS provides the sensitivity and specificity needed to quantify glycerol accurately in complex matrices where other polyols and carbohydrates may be present. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and dissolved in an appropriate aqueous solvent. An isotopically labeled internal standard (e.g., ¹³C-labeled glycerol) is added prior to sample preparation to correct for matrix effects and recovery variability. The extract is filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase or HILIC LC-MS/MS, with detection by electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive or negative ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions specific to glycerol. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified glycerol reference standard. Quality control samples at multiple concentration levels are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy, precision, and linearity throughout the analytical run.

Glycerol is a small, highly polar molecule that presents chromatographic challenges for standard reversed-phase HPLC methods due to its poor retention on non-polar stationary phases. LC-MS/MS with MRM detection provides the compound-specific selectivity and sensitivity needed to accurately quantify glycerol in complex food and supplement matrices without the need for derivatization, distinguishing it from co-occurring polyols such as sorbitol, mannitol, and propylene glycol. This level of analytical specificity supports label claim accuracy, raw material qualification, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.

This assay detects and quantifies glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in food products. These compounds are herbicide residues that may result from agricultural practices. The method uses LC‑MS/MS to achieve high sensitivity in complex matrices, ensuring that even low levels are accurately measured.

Samples are prepared using an extraction method optimized for glyphosate and AMPA, often involving acid digestion. The extract is cleaned up using solid-phase extraction and analyzed by LC‑MS/MS, where separation and detection are based on specific mass transitions. Calibration with standards and rigorous QC steps ensure accurate and reproducible measurements.

Results are reported in ppb. Lower levels indicate minimal residue presence, while higher levels may necessitate further investigation or process changes. The quantitative data support risk assessments and help ensure that products remain within safe residue limits.

This assay measures characteristic grape seed marker compounds using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analysis typically targets proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and related polyphenols to confirm ingredient identity and standardized active content.

Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated LC-MS/MS chromatographic conditions. Target grape seed markers are detected using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and quantified against certified reference standards. Internal calibration and quality control checks ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies authenticity, supports label claims (e.g., OPC content), and ensures batch-to-batch consistency in grape seed–based formulations.

This assay measures characteristic green tea marker compounds using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analysis typically targets catechins and related polyphenols to confirm ingredient identity and standardized active content.

Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated LC-MS/MS chromatographic conditions. Target green tea markers are detected using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and quantified against certified reference standards. Internal calibration and quality controls ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies authenticity, supports label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency in green tea–based formulations.

This assay determines total hardness, which reflects the combined concentration of calcium and magnesium salts in a sample. Hardness impacts taste, stability, and suitability for use in formulations or as process water.

Samples are analyzed for calcium and magnesium content, and results are expressed as total hardness. Quality controls and reference standards are used to confirm accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are typically reported in mg/L as calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Monitoring hardness ensures compliance with water quality standards, protects equipment from scaling, and maintains consistent product quality.

This assay detects and quantifies hazelnut protein using a validated ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). It confirms the presence or absence of hazelnut contamination in raw materials, finished products, and manufacturing environments, ensuring compliance with allergen labeling regulations and protecting consumers with tree nut allergies.

Samples are extracted and tested using a hazelnut-specific sandwich ELISA. The method uses antibody-based detection with colorimetric readout and compares results against a calibrated standard curve. Duplicate wells and positive/negative controls ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg) of hazelnut protein. The method can detect trace levels, typically down to 1–5 ppm depending on the matrix, making it suitable for verifying “nut-free” claims or identifying cross-contact.

This assay quantifies residual oxygen and carbon dioxide in the headspace of packaged products. O₂ and CO₂ levels provide critical information about product freshness, microbial stability, and packaging effectiveness.

Packaged samples are analyzed for headspace gas composition under controlled conditions. Oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations are measured directly using validated gas analysis instrumentation.

Results are reported in % O₂ and % CO₂ by volume. Monitoring headspace gases ensures packaging performance, confirms modified atmosphere or nitrogen flushing effectiveness, and helps predict shelf-life stability.

This assay quantifies heavy metals—such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic—in food samples. It is designed to deliver precise measurements of these contaminants, which are monitored due to their potential toxicity. The robust method employs advanced instrumentation to detect trace levels in complex matrices.

Food samples undergo acid digestion to break down the matrix and release bound metals. The resulting solution is analyzed by an instrument (commonly ICP-MS) that separates and quantifies the metals based on their mass. Calibration with certified reference materials and inclusion of quality control samples ensure accuracy before final reporting.

Results are delivered as concentration values (ppb). Lower values are preferred, and any significant increase may prompt further investigation. The data allow manufacturers to assess overall product safety and track contaminant trends across batches.

This test quantifies hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside and the predominant bioactive polyphenol found in citrus peel and citrus-derived extracts, in dietary supplements and raw materials using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). Hesperidin is widely used in supplements for its studied effects on vascular integrity, circulation, and antioxidant activity, and its concentration serves as the primary potency and standardization marker for citrus bioflavonoid ingredients. Results are reported in mg per serving or as a percentage of extract weight to support label claim verification and cGMP compliance.

A representative sample is weighed and extracted using a methanol or ethanol-water solvent system with sonication or heating to ensure complete solubilization of hesperidin from the matrix. The extract is filtered, diluted to volume, and injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column. Detection is performed by UV at approximately 280–284 nm, and quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified hesperidin reference standard. System suitability and QC samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy and reproducibility across the analytical run.

Hesperidin is the primary bioactive marker used to define the potency of citrus bioflavonoid extracts, and accurate quantification is essential for verifying standardization levels and substantiating label claims. HPLC-UV provides the selectivity needed to resolve hesperidin from structurally related flavonoids — including narirutin, naringenin, and diosmin — that are commonly co-present in citrus extracts, ensuring reliable potency data for both raw material qualification and finished product release testing.

This test quantifies Huperzine A, a bioactive alkaloid, in raw materials, capsules, and finished products using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Accurate measurement of Huperzine A ensures product quality and label accuracy. The method achieves detection limits suitable for trace-level quantification, typically reported in mg/g or ppm.

Samples are prepared by solvent extraction using methanol to isolate Huperzine A from the matrix. The extract is filtered and injected into an HPLC system equipped with a reversed-phase C18 column. Detection is performed using UV absorbance at 310 nm, where Huperzine A exhibits strong absorption. Quantification is achieved by comparing peak areas to a calibration curve constructed from certified Huperzine A reference standards. Method accuracy is verified through duplicate injections, spiked recovery tests, and inclusion of quality control samples.

Results are reported in µg/g (raw material) or µg/serving (finished products). Testing verifies standardized potency, ensures raw material authenticity, and supports product quality and consistency.

This assay quantifies hyaluronic acid (HA), a polysaccharide naturally present in connective tissues and widely used for hydration, elasticity, and joint health applications. Testing ensures ingredient authenticity and confirms standardized HA content in raw materials and finished products.

Samples are analyzed under validated laboratory conditions to determine total hyaluronic acid concentration. Certified reference materials and quality controls are used to ensure accurate and reproducible results.

Results are reported in mg/g (raw materials) or mg/serving (finished products). Testing verifies label claims, supports product consistency, and confirms the purity and potency of sodium hyaluronate-containing formulations.

This assay quantifies hydroxyproline, a specific amino acid used as a marker for collagen content in food or tissue samples. Collagen plays a key role in the texture and nutritional profile of products like gelatin and meat, making its measurement vital for quality control and formulation verification.

Samples are hydrolyzed under controlled conditions to release hydroxyproline from collagen. The hydrolysate is filtered and injected into an HPLC system, where hydroxyproline is separated and detected (often via UV). Calibration with known standards and duplicate injections ensure that the method yields accurate and reproducible results.

Results are expressed in mg per unit weight. Higher hydroxyproline content indicates greater collagen presence, aligning with expected levels in products designed to be rich in collagen. Deviations can signal issues in raw material quality or processing efficiency.