This assay measures crocin, a carotenoid glycoside, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-Visible detection (HPLC/UV-Vis). The analysis provides accurate quantification for quality control and standardization.

Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated HPLC conditions. Crocin is chromatographically separated and detected by UV-Vis at its characteristic absorbance. Quantitation is performed using certified reference standards, with calibration curves and replicate injections ensuring accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies standardized potency, confirms label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency.

This test quantifies crocins — the water-soluble carotenoid glycosides responsible for saffron's characteristic deep red color and primary bioactivity — in saffron (Crocus sativus) raw materials, standardized extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-Visible (HPLC/UV-Vis) detection. Crocins, principally trans-crocetin di-(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ester (crocin-1) and its related esters, are the key marker compounds used to standardize saffron extracts and are directly linked to the ingredient's documented effects on mood, cognitive function, and antioxidant capacity. Accurate quantification confirms extract potency, supports label claim substantiation, and helps detect adulteration with synthetic colorants or inferior saffron materials. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using aqueous methanol or water, with sonication to ensure complete dissolution of the polar crocin glycosides. The extract is filtered through a 0.2 µm membrane and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column, with UV-Vis detection at approximately 440 nm — the characteristic absorption maximum of the crocin chromophore. Individual crocin esters (crocin-1 through crocin-4) are resolved chromatographically and quantified against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified crocin reference standard. Safranal and picrocrocin peaks may also be monitored concurrently to provide a comprehensive saffron quality profile. System suitability and quality control standards are run at regular intervals to confirm method accuracy and precision.

Saffron is the world's most expensive spice by weight and is one of the most heavily adulterated botanical ingredients in the supplement industry, with common adulterants including synthetic carotenoid dyes (e.g., Sudan red, tartrazine), safflower petals, and low-grade saffron stigmas mixed with styles. HPLC/UV-Vis quantification of individual crocin esters provides a highly specific and reproducible measure of saffron extract potency that cannot be replicated by simple UV absorbance measurements alone, enabling detection of adulteration with non-saffron colorants that may absorb at similar wavelengths. This test is aligned with ISO 3632 quality standards for saffron and supports both raw material qualification and finished product release under 21 CFR 111.

This test detects the presence or absence of Cronobacter species (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) in dietary supplements, powdered food products, and raw materials using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Cronobacter is a foodborne pathogen capable of causing severe and potentially fatal infections — including meningitis and septicemia — particularly in neonates and immunocompromised individuals. PCR-based detection provides rapid, highly specific identification of Cronobacter DNA, enabling faster results than traditional culture-based methods. Results are reported as detected or not detected per the tested sample size, in accordance with applicable regulatory standards.

A representative sample is enriched in a non-selective broth at 37°C for a defined incubation period to resuscitate and amplify any viable Cronobacter cells present. Following enrichment, DNA is extracted from the broth using a validated nucleic acid extraction procedure. The extracted DNA is subjected to real-time PCR (qPCR) using primers and probes targeting Cronobacter-specific genomic sequences. Positive and negative controls, including an internal amplification control, are run concurrently with each batch to confirm assay performance and rule out PCR inhibition. Any presumptive positive result is confirmed by a secondary method per applicable regulatory guidance.

Cronobacter is a regulated pathogen in powdered infant formula under FDA 21 CFR Part 106 and is subject to zero-tolerance requirements in many food categories. Its ability to survive desiccation makes it a persistent risk in dry powder supplement and food matrices where standard hygiene controls may be insufficient. PCR-based detection offers significantly faster turnaround than traditional culture methods while maintaining high sensitivity and specificity, enabling timely release decisions and rapid response to potential contamination events.

This assay estimates crude fiber by measuring the indigestible residue remaining after sequential acid and alkali digestion of the food sample. It primarily captures components such as cellulose and lignin, though it underestimates total dietary fiber. It is used in legacy analyses and certain feed quality assessments to gauge plant residue content.

The sample is defatted (if necessary) and boiled in dilute acid to remove starches and soluble components, then treated with dilute alkali. The residue is filtered, dried, and weighed, and subsequently incinerated to determine ash content. The difference between the dry residue and ash weight provides the crude fiber content, with replicate testing and blanks ensuring method consistency.

Results are given as a percentage of the sample weight. Higher crude fiber values indicate a greater proportion of indigestible plant material. Although it does not capture all fiber, it provides a comparative metric for consistency across batches or ingredients.

This assay quantifies curcuminoid content in turmeric (Curcuma longa) extracts using HPLC. It measures four key bioactive compounds: Total Curcuminoids, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, Curcumin, and Demethoxycurcumin. This profile is essential for verifying potency, ensuring extract standardization (e.g., 95% curcuminoids), and detecting adulteration or degradation.

Samples are extracted using solvents optimized for curcuminoid recovery under light-protected conditions. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with detection at a specific wavelength for curcumin and its analogs (demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin). Calibration with high-purity curcumin standards, along with internal standard correction and duplicate runs, ensures reliable quantification.

Results are provided in mg per g or per serving. The values are assessed against label claims and formulation targets. Measuring curcumin content confirms extract standardization and helps ensure therapeutic consistency across production batches.

This assay quantifies total curcuminoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa) extracts using HPLC. It measures the key bioactive compounds which are responsible for turmeric’s functional properties. This profile is essential for verifying standardized extracts (e.g., 95% curcuminoids) and ensuring potency in finished products.

Samples are extracted using methanol or other suitable organic solvents and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection (typically at ~425 nm). Quantification is performed using certified reference standards for each curcuminoid, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections for precision.

Results are reported in mg per g or % w/w for each compound and total curcuminoids. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm potency, detect degradation, and identify possible adulteration.

This assay quantifies cyanide, a toxic compound that can occur naturally in certain plants or as a byproduct of processing. Monitoring cyanide ensures that concentrations remain within safe, regulated limits and that detoxification or purification steps are effective.

Samples are analyzed for total cyanide content using validated analytical techniques suitable for the product matrix. Quality control standards and calibration verification ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in mg/kg (solids) or µg/L (liquids). Testing ensures compliance with international safety limits, confirms raw material safety, and protects consumers from exposure to toxic levels of cyanide.

This assay quantifies dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone precursor to androgens and estrogens. Using HPLC, it verifies DHEA content in dietary supplements and raw materials to ensure label accuracy, potency, and stability across production batches.

Samples are extracted in organic solvents and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a compound-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified DHEA reference standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure reproducibility and accuracy.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to declared label claims and formulation targets to confirm dosing consistency and detect underformulation or degradation.

This test determines Total Dietary Fiber (TDF) in foods, dietary supplement ingredients, and finished products using AOAC Official Method 2009.01, an enzymatic-gravimetric–liquid chromatographic method developed to align with the CODEX definition of dietary fiber. The method is designed to measure the sum of non-digestible carbohydrate polymers that meet the method’s validated scope, including insoluble dietary fiber, soluble high-molecular-weight dietary fiber, resistant starch, and soluble low-molecular-weight dietary-fiber fractions such as qualifying nondigestible oligosaccharides. The result is reported as total dietary fiber, typically in g/100 g, % w/w, g/serving, or g/100 g on an as-is or dry-weight basis as specified. This catalog entry provides a single Total Dietary Fiber result; it does not separately report insoluble dietary fiber, soluble high-molecular-weight dietary fiber, or low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber fractions.

A representative, homogenized sample is accurately weighed and subjected to controlled enzymatic digestion to remove digestible starch and protein while retaining nondigestible dietary-fiber components. The procedure uses the enzyme sequence and digestion conditions prescribed by AOAC 2009.01, including enzymatic treatment for starch hydrolysis and protein removal. The high-molecular-weight dietary-fiber fraction is recovered by ethanol precipitation and gravimetric isolation, with appropriate corrections for residual protein and ash. The soluble low-molecular-weight dietary-fiber fraction remaining in the filtrate is recovered and quantified by liquid chromatography in accordance with the method, using qualified carbohydrate standards and validated calculation procedures. The gravimetric and chromatographic components are combined to calculate Total Dietary Fiber. Reagent blanks, duplicate sample preparations, method controls, calibration or response-verification standards, and applicable certified reference materials are included to confirm digestion performance, recovery, precision, and calculation accuracy.

AOAC 2009.01 is particularly valuable for contemporary fiber-containing products because older gravimetric dietary-fiber methods may not fully capture resistant starch and lower-molecular-weight nondigestible oligosaccharides. By combining enzymatic digestion, gravimetric measurement, and liquid-chromatographic determination, the method provides a more inclusive Total Dietary Fiber value consistent with the CODEX-aligned analytical framework. This supports nutritional labeling, product formulation, supplier qualification, and verification of total-fiber claims, subject to the applicable jurisdiction’s labeling requirements. The total-only format is appropriate when a complete TDF value is required without separate soluble and insoluble fiber declarations.

This assay quantifies dietary fiber using AOAC 2001.03 with AOAC 991.43 enzymatic digestion. The method measures total dietary fiber and differentiates soluble and insoluble fractions, including resistant FOS that are not digested in the small intestine.

Samples undergo enzymatic digestion per AOAC 991.43 to simulate human digestion, followed by gravimetric and chromatographic determination according to AOAC 2001.03. Soluble and insoluble fiber fractions are isolated and quantified, then combined to calculate total dietary fiber. Quality controls and method blanks ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies nutrition facts labeling, supports fiber-related claims, and ensures compliance with FDA and international dietary fiber definitions.

This assay quantifies total dietary fiber—including both soluble and insoluble fractions—in food samples. It mimics human digestion by enzymatically removing starch and protein, leaving behind fiber fractions that are then separated and measured. This method provides a comprehensive fiber profile for nutritional labeling and product formulation.

The sample is treated sequentially with α‑amylase, protease, and amyloglucosidase to remove digestible components. Insoluble fiber is collected by filtration, while soluble fiber is precipitated with ethanol. Both fractions are washed, dried, and weighed, then corrected for residual protein and ash content. Calibration and duplicate tests ensure robustness.

Results are reported as grams of fiber per 100 g of product (or as a percentage), and may be divided into soluble and insoluble fractions. Consistent fiber values support nutritional claims, while variations may indicate changes in formulation or processing efficiency.

This assay quantifies diethylene glycol (DEG), a toxic solvent contaminant that may be present in raw materials such as glycerin, propylene glycol, or polyethylene glycol. Using LC-MS/MS, it detects trace levels of DEG in supplements, personal care products, and excipients to ensure safety and prevent regulatory violations.

Samples are extracted in aqueous or alcohol-based solvents and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed with certified DEG standards, internal standard correction, and duplicate injections to ensure precision and trace-level sensitivity.

Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg) or ppb. Values are assessed against international safety limits (e.g., USP, FDA, EMA) to confirm absence or compliant levels of DEG in finished products or raw materials.

This test quantifies dihydroberberine, a hydrogenated form of berberine with improved bioavailability, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It is applicable to raw botanical materials and finished dietary supplements such as capsules and powders. The method provides precise measurement down to 0.1% w/w, ensuring product consistency and label accuracy.

Samples are prepared by extracting 0.5 g of material with methanol using sonication for 30 minutes, followed by filtration. The extract is injected into an HPLC system equipped with a C18 column and UV detection at 345 nm. Separation of dihydroberberine from berberine and other alkaloids is achieved using a gradient mobile phase of water and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. Quantification is performed against a certified dihydroberberine reference standard using a five-point calibration curve. Method precision is verified through duplicate injections and spike recovery tests at multiple concentration levels.

Testing confirms label claims, verifies ingredient purity, and ensures consistency across metabolic-support formulations.

This test screens for Escherichia coli, a bacteria that indicates fecal contamination and can pose serious health risks.

Samples are cultured on selective media and confirmed using biochemical or molecular methods. Reported as presence/absence or CFU/g.

E. coli should be absent in final products. Any detection raises safety concerns.

This assay detects egg proteins, such as ovalbumin and ovomucoid, in food samples to verify allergen-free claims and prevent cross-contact. It is essential for ensuring that even trace amounts of egg are identified in complex matrices, protecting sensitive consumers.

Samples are extracted using a protein solubilization buffer and applied to ELISA plates pre-coated with egg-specific antibodies. After incubation, a secondary enzyme-linked antibody is added, and a colorimetric reaction is developed. The intensity is measured spectrophotometrically and compared to a calibration curve constructed with known standards, with duplicate wells and controls confirming accuracy.

Results are reported in parts per million (ppm). Non-detectable or very low levels indicate that the product is effectively free from egg contamination, while any measurable level suggests potential cross-contact requiring further action.

This test quantifies ellagic acid — a naturally occurring polyphenolic dilactone formed from the hydrolysis of ellagitannins and found in a wide range of botanicals including pomegranate (Punica granatum), red raspberries (Rubus idaeus), strawberries (Fragaria spp.), walnuts (Juglans regia), and oak-aged materials — in raw materials, fruit extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Ellagic acid is used as a key potency marker for pomegranate and berry extracts standardized to ellagic acid content, and is increasingly recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and gut microbiome-modulating properties. Accurate quantification is essential for label claim substantiation and for confirming that the declared ellagic acid content is present in standardized botanical extracts. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate solvent system (e.g., aqueous methanol or dimethyl sulfoxide/methanol) to ensure complete dissolution of ellagic acid, which has limited solubility in purely aqueous solvents. Where the sample contains ellagitannins that may contribute to total ellagic acid upon hydrolysis, an optional acid hydrolysis step (e.g., using dilute hydrochloric acid under reflux) may be applied to convert ellagitannins to free ellagic acid prior to HPLC analysis, with results reported as free ellagic acid or total ellagic acid equivalents as appropriate. The extract is filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column with UV detection at 254 nm, the characteristic absorption maximum of ellagic acid's extended aromatic chromophore. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified ellagic acid reference standard. Quality control samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy, precision, and linearity throughout the analytical run.

Ellagic acid's extended aromatic chromophore provides strong UV absorption at 254 nm, making HPLC with UV detection a sensitive and specific method for its quantification without the need for derivatization. Chromatographic separation on a C18 column resolves ellagic acid from co-occurring polyphenols — including ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids — present in pomegranate and berry extracts, ensuring that potency results reflect ellagic acid content specifically. The option to include an acid hydrolysis step enables reporting of total ellagic acid equivalents (free ellagic acid plus ellagitannin-derived ellagic acid), which is the most commonly used potency specification for pomegranate extracts standardized to ellagic acid. This method supports label claim substantiation, raw material qualification, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.

Tests for a broad family of bacteria including pathogens and spoilage organisms, often used as a general hygiene indicator.

Samples are plated on violet red bile glucose agar or similar selective media. Results reported as CFU/g or CFU/mL.

Elevated levels suggest contamination or poor sanitation practices during production.

This assay quantifies erythritol, a non-caloric sugar alcohol used in keto, diabetic-friendly, and reduced-sugar products. Using HPLC, it determines erythritol content to verify label accuracy, assess total sweetener load, and ensure compliance with “sugar-free” or “no added sugar” claims—especially in light of growing regulatory and health scrutiny.

Samples are extracted in water or dilute acid and filtered before analysis. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with refractive index detection (or UV, depending on matrix). Quantification is performed using high-purity erythritol standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate runs to ensure accuracy.

Results are reported in g/100 g, g/100 mL, or per serving. The values are compared against formulation targets and declared nutrition label values. Testing confirms appropriate use of natural sweeteners and provides transparency in formulations marketed for metabolic health.

This test quantifies eurycomanone — the primary bioactive quassinoid found in Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) root — in raw materials and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Eurycomanone is widely recognized as the key marker compound responsible for the herb's traditional use in supporting male vitality, energy, and hormonal balance. Accurate quantification ensures that the botanical extract meets its standardized potency and delivers the expected physiological benefits. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per serving to verify label claims and support cGMP compliance.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate solvent, such as aqueous methanol or water, often aided by sonication or reflux to ensure complete dissolution of the quassinoids. The extract is filtered and analyzed via reversed-phase HPLC equipped with a UV or Photodiode Array (PDA) detector, typically monitored at approximately 238 nm. Quantification is performed by comparing the eurycomanone peak area in the sample against a multi-point calibration curve generated from a certified eurycomanone reference standard. Quality control measures, including blank injections and check standards, are run concurrently to ensure method accuracy and precision.

Tongkat Ali is a highly sought-after botanical ingredient that is frequently subject to economically motivated adulteration, including substitution with inferior species or spiking with synthetic compounds. Quantifying eurycomanone via HPLC provides a highly specific and accurate measure of the extract's true potency and authenticity, distinguishing genuine Eurycoma longifolia from adulterated or low-quality materials. This rigorous testing is essential for brand protection, consumer safety, and meeting strict regulatory requirements for dietary supplement identity and strength under 21 CFR 111.

This test quantifies eurypeptides — the bioactive peptide fraction characteristic of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) root extract — using either the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) fluorometric assay or the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) colorimetric assay, both of which measure total peptide and protein content as a proxy for eurypeptide concentration. Eurypeptides are the primary standardization marker used to define the potency of Tongkat Ali extracts, and their concentration is directly associated with the extract's adaptogenic and testosterone-supporting bioactivity. Results are reported as a percentage of eurypeptide content relative to extract weight to support label claim verification and cGMP compliance.

A representative sample is weighed and dissolved in a dilute aqueous buffer to prepare a homogeneous solution. For the OPA assay, the sample solution is reacted with the o-phthalaldehyde reagent in the presence of a reducing agent, and fluorescence is measured at an excitation/emission of approximately 340/455 nm. For the BCA assay, the sample is reacted with bicinchoninic acid and copper sulfate at elevated temperature, and absorbance is measured at 562 nm. In both cases, quantification is performed against a multi-point calibration curve prepared from a certified peptide or protein reference standard (typically bovine serum albumin or a defined peptide standard). Results are expressed as percentage eurypeptides relative to the initial sample weight.

Eurypeptide content is the defining potency marker for Tongkat Ali extract and is the standard by which premium extracts are graded and marketed (e.g., 22% eurypeptides). Both the OPA and BCA assays are well-established, validated methods for total peptide quantification and are appropriate for this application given the peptidic nature of the target analytes. The choice between OPA (fluorometric, higher sensitivity) and BCA (colorimetric, broader dynamic range) depends on the expected concentration range and matrix characteristics of the sample.

Nutritional profile assay that characterizes the fatty acid composition by converting lipids into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and analyzing them via gas chromatography. It provides a detailed breakdown of saturates, monounsaturates, polyunsaturates, and trans fats for accurate nutritional labeling and quality control.

Lipids are extracted from the sample and converted into FAMEs via acid or base-catalyzed esterification. The resulting FAMEs are analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Retention times and peak areas are compared to known standards, with duplicate runs and internal standards ensuring accuracy.

Results are reported as percentage composition of individual fatty acids relative to total fat. These percentages help assess nutritional quality, verify authenticity, and support compliance with labeling claims.

Nutritional profile assay that characterizes the fatty acid composition by converting lipids into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and analyzing them via gas chromatography. It provides a detailed breakdown of saturates, monounsaturates, polyunsaturates, and trans fats for accurate nutritional labeling and quality control.

Lipids are extracted from the sample and converted into FAMEs via acid or base-catalyzed esterification. The resulting FAMEs are analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Retention times and peak areas are compared to known standards, with duplicate runs and internal standards ensuring accuracy.

Results are reported as percentage composition of individual fatty acids relative to total fat. These percentages help assess nutritional quality, verify authenticity, and support compliance with labeling claims.

This assay quantifies bioactive compounds in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) using LC-MS/MS, typically focusing on key steroidal saponins such as protodioscin and diosgenin. It verifies extract potency and standardization in supplements targeting testosterone support, blood sugar balance, and overall metabolic function.

Samples are extracted using alcohol-based solvents and analyzed by LC-MS/MS with compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified standards for fenugreek bioactives, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure accurate and reproducible results.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to standardization targets and label claims to confirm bioactive content and detect adulteration or low-quality material.

This assay uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect trace amounts of fish DNA in food samples. It targets specific genetic markers unique to fish, ensuring that even processed products can be screened for the presence of fish allergens. This is vital for verifying allergen-free claims and for identifying fish species in products where authenticity is questioned.

DNA is extracted from the food sample using protocols that minimize inhibitors. The extracted DNA is amplified using fish-specific primers in a PCR reaction. Amplification is confirmed by gel electrophoresis or real-time PCR analysis (yielding a Ct value), with positive and negative controls ensuring the reliability of the result.

Results are qualitative, typically reported as 'Detected' or 'Not Detected'. A positive result confirms the presence of fish DNA, indicating potential allergen contamination, while a negative result supports a fish-free claim. Even trace detection is significant for allergen management.