Phytochemical, Vitamin, and Actives testing
Light Labs runs 241 accredited phytochemical, vitamin, and actives assays. Every listing shows turnaround time, what the test measures, the method behind it and how to read the result. Expand any row for the full detail.
This assay quantifies 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), the primary fatty acid unique to royal jelly. Using HPLC, it verifies 10-HDA concentration in raw royal jelly, powders, and finished products to confirm authenticity, potency, and compliance with pharmacopeial quality standards.
Samples are extracted with methanol or other suitable organic solvents and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection (typically at ~215 nm). Quantification is performed using certified 10-HDA standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Results are reported in mg/g or % w/w of 10-HDA. Values are compared against specification targets (e.g., ≥1.4% 10-HDA in fresh royal jelly) and label claims to confirm product authenticity, detect adulteration, and verify consistency across batches.
This test quantifies 3’,3’-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a bioactive compound derived from indole-3-carbinol, important for assessing product potency and quality. The HPLC method accurately measures DIM levels in raw materials, powders, and finished dietary supplements. Results are reported in mg per gram or per serving, with a detection limit suitable for low-level quantification.
Samples are prepared by extracting 0.5 g of material with methanol using sonication for 30 minutes, followed by filtration. The extract is analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography equipped with a UV detector set at 280 nm. DIM is separated on a C18 reversed-phase column with a gradient mobile phase of water and acetonitrile. Quantification is performed against a certified DIM reference standard using a five-point calibration curve. Method accuracy is verified through duplicate injections, spiked recovery tests, and analysis of quality control samples.
Results are reported in mg/g (raw material) or mg/serving (finished products). Testing verifies standardized potency, supports label claims, and ensures consistency in botanical and nutraceutical formulations.
This assay quantifies 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a serotonin precursor derived from griffonia seed extract, in dietary supplements. Using HPLC, it verifies the concentration of 5-HTP to confirm label claims and ensure consistent dosing in mood and relaxation products.
Samples are extracted in an acidified aqueous solution, then analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a compound-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified 5-HTP standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate runs to ensure accuracy.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are assessed against formulation targets and label declarations to ensure potency, quality, and stability throughout shelf life.
This assay measures 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a flavonoid compound, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The analysis provides accurate and selective quantification for quality control and standardization.
Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated HPLC chromatographic conditions. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is separated from related flavonoids and detected via UV or diode-array detection. Quantitation is performed using certified reference standards with calibration curves and replicate injections ensuring accuracy and reproducibility.
Testing verifies standardized potency, confirms label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency.
This assay quantifies acetic acid using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The method provides accurate, selective determination of volatile organic acids across diverse matrices such as vinegar, kombucha, and fermented products.
Samples are filtered and injected into an HPLC system equipped with an organic acid or reverse-phase column. Acetic acid is separated and detected by UV or refractive index (RI) detection, quantified against certified reference standards. Duplicate runs and calibration curves ensure precision and reproducibility.
Results are reported in mg/mL (liquids) or mg/g (solids). Testing verifies fermentation quality, confirms product specifications, and ensures consistency across production batches.
This assay enumerates Active Fluorescent Units (AFU) using flow cytometry, a rapid alternative to traditional plate counting for assessing probiotic viability. AFU counts reflect the number of metabolically active cells in a sample, providing a modern measure of probiotic potency. Results are reported as AFU/g or AFU per serving.
A representative sample is suspended, stained with a viability-indicating fluorescent dye, and analyzed by flow cytometry to count active cells. Results are calculated against instrument calibration standards, with replicate runs confirming accuracy.
Flow cytometry offers faster, more precise viability counts than traditional plating methods, supporting reliable potency claims for probiotic products.
This assay quantifies agmatine sulfate, a metabolite of arginine commonly used in pre-workout and neuro-support supplements. Using LC-MS/MS, it verifies agmatine content to ensure correct dosing, label accuracy, and formulation integrity in sports and cognitive performance products.
Samples are extracted in aqueous or acidified solution and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed with certified agmatine standards, internal standard correction, and duplicate injections to ensure precision.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and declared label claims. Testing ensures proper inclusion and helps detect underdosing or degradation during manufacturing or storage.
This test quantifies alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide) — the principal sulfur-containing amino acid derivative and primary bioactive precursor compound in garlic (Allium sativum L.) — in raw materials, garlic powders, aged garlic extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Alliin is the stable, odorless precursor to allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate), which is enzymatically generated from alliin by the enzyme alliinase upon cell disruption. Alliin content is the primary standardization marker for garlic powder and extract ingredients, as it directly determines the allicin-generating potential (allicin yield) of the material. Accurate alliin quantification is essential for label claim substantiation, raw material qualification, and for predicting the allicin release capacity of garlic-based products. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and immediately dissolved in an appropriate acidic aqueous solvent (e.g., dilute hydrochloric acid or acidified methanol) to inhibit alliinase enzyme activity and prevent enzymatic conversion of alliin to allicin during sample preparation. The extract is filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column with UV detection at 210 nm, as alliin lacks a strong chromophore at higher UV wavelengths and is best detected at low UV wavelengths where the sulfoxide functional group and amino acid backbone provide adequate absorbance. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified alliin reference standard. Where applicable, related organosulfur compounds — including S-allylcysteine (SAC), S-methylcysteine sulfoxide, and γ-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine — may be monitored simultaneously to provide a broader organosulfur profile. Quality control samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy, precision, and linearity throughout the analytical run.
Accurate alliin quantification requires careful control of sample preparation conditions to prevent enzymatic conversion of alliin to allicin by endogenous alliinase, which is rapidly activated upon cell disruption and aqueous contact. Acidification of the extraction solvent effectively inhibits alliinase activity, ensuring that alliin is measured in its intact precursor form. HPLC with UV detection at 210 nm provides the sensitivity required for alliin quantification in the absence of a strong chromophore, with chromatographic separation resolving alliin from co-occurring organosulfur amino acids and matrix components. Alliin content is the internationally recognized potency specification for garlic powder and extract ingredients, referenced in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monograph for garlic powder, and supports label claim substantiation and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This assay measures allulose (D-psicose), a rare monosaccharide used as a low-calorie sweetener, using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method provides high specificity and sensitivity for accurate quantification in complex food and supplement matrices.
This assay measures allulose (D-psicose), a rare monosaccharide used as a low-calorie sweetener, using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method provides high specificity and sensitivity for accurate quantification in complex food and supplement matrices.
Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated LC-MS/MS chromatographic conditions. Allulose is detected using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and quantified against certified reference standards. Internal calibration and quality control checks ensure precision and reproducibility.
This assay quantifies aloin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone glycoside found in Aloe vera latex. Aloin levels are regulated due to its laxative properties and potential safety concerns at high concentrations.
Samples are extracted and analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. Aloin A and B are separated, detected, and quantified against certified standards. Method validation includes calibration curves and quality control checks.
Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg) for raw materials or mg/serving for finished products. Monitoring aloin ensures compliance with safety guidelines (e.g., USP/EFSA limits), verifies raw material purity, and supports accurate labeling.
This assay quantifies Alpha-GPC (Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine), a highly bioavailable choline donor used in nootropic and cognitive health supplements. Using LC-MS/MS, it verifies Alpha-GPC content in capsules, powders, and functional blends to confirm potency and ensure label compliance.
Samples are extracted using aqueous or methanolic solvents and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified Alpha-GPC standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision and reproducibility.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm dosing accuracy and detect degradation or adulteration.
This assay determines the complete profile of individual amino acids present in a food sample following protein hydrolysis. The process breaks down proteins into their constituent amino acids, which are then separated and quantified. This profile is essential for evaluating nutritional quality and verifying that the amino acid composition meets product specifications.
The sample is hydrolyzed using acid (and optionally enzymatic pre-treatment) to release amino acids. After derivatization to enhance detection, the amino acids are separated by HPLC or ion-exchange chromatography and quantified against known standards. Internal standards and duplicate runs provide correction for recovery and ensure method precision.
Results are reported as mg per 100 g or as a percentage of total protein. Each amino acid’s value is compared against nutritional requirements or target formulation standards. Deviations (e.g., low lysine) may indicate processing losses or protein damage and prompt further investigation.
This test quantifies total anthocyanidins — the aglycone forms of anthocyanins responsible for the characteristic deep blue-purple pigmentation and antioxidant activity of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum and related species) — in blueberry extracts, raw materials, and dietary supplements using UV-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectrophotometry. Anthocyanidins are widely recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, and total anthocyanidin content is a key potency marker used to standardize blueberry extracts. UV-Vis provides a rapid, cost-effective method for total anthocyanidin quantification appropriate for raw material screening and quality control. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram, typically expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using acidified aqueous methanol or ethanol (e.g., 1% HCl in methanol) to ensure complete extraction and stabilization of the pH-sensitive anthocyanidin pigments. The extract is filtered and its absorbance is measured spectrophotometrically at the characteristic anthocyanidin absorption maximum of approximately 520–535 nm against a solvent blank. Total anthocyanidin concentration is calculated using the Beer-Lambert law with the molar extinction coefficient of the reference anthocyanidin (typically cyanidin-3-glucoside), or by comparison to a multi-point calibration curve prepared from a certified reference standard. All measurements are performed in triplicate and averaged for final quantification.
Total anthocyanidin content by UV-Vis is the standard quality control method for blueberry and berry-derived extracts, providing a rapid and accessible measure of pigment potency that is well correlated with antioxidant activity. While UV-Vis does not resolve individual anthocyanidin species, it is appropriate for standardized blueberry extracts where the anthocyanin profile is well characterized and total pigment content is the primary specification parameter. This method supports efficient raw material screening and supplier qualification, with HPLC available as a complementary method when individual anthocyanidin profiling is required.
This assay quantifies apigenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid found in chamomile, parsley, and citrus plants. Using LC-MS/MS, it verifies apigenin content in supplements, teas, and botanical blends to confirm label claims and ensure consistent dosing in formulations targeting mood, inflammation, and longevity.
Samples are extracted using alcohol or aqueous solvents depending on the matrix, then analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified apigenin standards with internal standard correction and duplicate injections for precision.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and declared label claims to confirm active compound presence and detect variability across batches.
Confirms the total withanolide potency of your ashwagandha ingredient or extract, delivering a precise quantification of the bioactive steroidal lactones responsible for ashwagandha's adaptogenic, stress-relieving, and performance-enhancing properties.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate organic solvent system to ensure complete extraction of the withanolide fraction. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from certified withanolide reference standards
The combination of both techniques supports comprehensive potency characterization, label claim substantiation, raw material qualification, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This assay qualitatively evaluates samples for the presence of Withania somnifera using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). The test compares characteristic chromatographic fingerprints to authenticated reference material to confirm botanical presence.
Samples are extracted and applied to an HPTLC plate alongside reference standards. After chromatographic development and visualization under appropriate conditions, the resulting banding pattern is evaluated for correspondence with the reference profile to determine presence or absence.
Testing supports ingredient verification, supplier qualification, and quality control for botanical materials without making potency claims.
This assay quantifies both free and esterified forms of astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant carotenoid found naturally in algae and marine sources. Testing ensures standardized potency and verifies the presence of bioactive carotenoid compounds.
Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated chromatographic conditions to distinguish and quantify free astaxanthin and its mono- and di-ester derivatives. Certified reference standards and quality controls ensure accurate and reproducible results.
Testing confirms ingredient standardization, verifies label claims, and supports product consistency across batches.
This assay enumerates viable spores of Bacillus subtilis DE111 using DE111 Enumeration (3.80.308), a method specific to this probiotic strain. Results are reported as CFU/g or CFU per serving, confirming potency against label claims.
A representative sample undergoes a heat-shock step to select for viable spores, then is plated per the DE111 Enumeration protocol and incubated under conditions suited to Bacillus subtilis growth. Colonies are counted and expressed as CFU/g.
DE111 Enumeration (3.80.308) provides a strain-specific, validated method for confirming DE111 potency in finished probiotic products.
This assay enumerates viable spores of Bacillus subtilis HU58 using EN15784:2009, a recognized method for probiotic spore-forming bacteria. Results are reported as CFU/g or CFU per serving, confirming potency against label claims.
A representative sample undergoes a heat-shock step to select for viable spores, then is plated per EN15784:2009 and incubated under conditions suited to Bacillus subtilis growth. Colonies are counted and expressed as CFU/g.
EN15784:2009 provides a standardized, spore-selective enumeration method appropriate for confirming HU58 potency in finished probiotic products.
This test confirms the botanical identity of Bacopa monnieri in raw materials and finished products using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). The characteristic bacosides A and B fingerprint of the sample is compared against a certified Bacopa monnieri reference standard to confirm species authenticity and detect substitution with other Bacopa species or unrelated botanical materials. Results are reported as confirmed identity or non-conforming.
A representative sample is extracted using methanol or ethanol-water and applied alongside a certified Bacopa monnieri reference standard onto an HPTLC silica gel plate. The plate is developed in a validated solvent system, derivatized with anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid or natural products reagent, and the fingerprint is compared visually and by densitometric scanning to the reference standard in terms of Rf values, band positions, and color profile.
Bacopa monnieri is a high-value nootropic botanical where accurate species identification is essential for confirming the presence of the characteristic bacoside compounds responsible for its cognitive benefits. HPTLC identity testing provides a rapid and defensible species confirmation, supporting supplier qualification and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This test quantifies bacosides — the primary bioactive triterpenoid saponin glycosides found in Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi), including bacoside A and bacoside B and their component glycosides — in botanical extracts, raw materials, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Bacosides are the principal marker compounds used to standardize Bacopa extracts and are directly linked to the herb's documented effects on memory consolidation, cognitive performance, and neuroprotection. HPLC provides greater specificity than UV-Vis colorimetric methods by resolving individual bacoside components, offering a more detailed and accurate measure of extract potency. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using aqueous methanol or ethanol, with sonication to ensure complete dissolution of the saponin glycosides. The extract is filtered through a 0.2 µm membrane and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column, with UV or Photodiode Array (PDA) detection at approximately 205–210 nm. Individual bacoside peaks are resolved chromatographically and quantified against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from certified bacoside A or total bacoside reference standards. System suitability and quality control standards are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy and precision throughout the analytical run.
Bacopa monnieri extracts are commercially standardized to a declared bacoside content, and HPLC quantification provides a more specific and reproducible measure of individual bacoside components than colorimetric UV-Vis methods, which measure total saponin content without distinguishing between individual glycosides. This level of specificity is important for premium extract qualification, where the relative composition of individual bacosides may influence biological activity. HPLC potency testing supports label claim accuracy, supplier qualification, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This assay quantifies the three key branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—using LC-MS/MS. Commonly found in protein powders, amino blends, and pre-workouts, this test verifies BCAA content and ratios to ensure compliance with label claims and prevent misformulation or ingredient dilution.
Samples are hydrolyzed or extracted depending on the matrix, then filtered and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Detection is based on compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using high-purity amino acid standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate runs to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Results are reported in mg/g or mg per serving. Values are compared to declared label claims and standard 2:1:1 or other specified ratios. Testing confirms proper dosing and supports claims related to muscle recovery, endurance, and anabolic performance in sports nutrition products.
This assay quantifies berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid commonly sourced from plants like Berberis and used in supplements for metabolic and cardiovascular support. Using HPLC, it measures berberine content in capsules, tablets, and botanical extracts to verify potency and ensure formulation accuracy.
Samples are extracted using alcohol- or acidified aqueous solvents and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a compound-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified berberine standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate runs to ensure precision.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm consistent dosing and detect degradation or ingredient substitution.
This test quantifies berberine hydrochloride — an isoquinoline alkaloid and the primary bioactive constituent of botanical sources such as barberry (Berberis vulgaris), goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), and Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium) — in raw materials, extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Berberine HCl is one of the most widely studied botanical actives, with a substantial body of clinical evidence supporting its role in glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular health. Accurate potency verification is essential for label claim substantiation and for confirming that the declared amount of this high-value alkaloid is present, particularly given the prevalence of adulteration and potency variability in berberine-containing raw materials. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and dissolved in an appropriate solvent, typically dilute hydrochloric acid in methanol or aqueous methanol, to ensure complete extraction of berberine and its salt form. The extract is filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column with UV detection at 345 nm, the characteristic absorption maximum of berberine's quaternary ammonium chromophore. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified berberine hydrochloride reference standard. Where applicable, related alkaloids such as palmatine, coptisine, and jatrorrhizine may be monitored simultaneously to provide a more complete alkaloid profile. Quality control samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy, precision, and linearity throughout the analytical run.
Berberine's strong UV absorption at 345 nm makes HPLC with UV detection a highly sensitive and specific method for its quantification without the need for derivatization. The chromatographic separation resolves berberine from structurally related isoquinoline alkaloids that co-occur in berberine-containing botanicals, ensuring that potency results reflect the berberine HCl content specifically rather than total alkaloid content. This level of specificity is important for label claim accuracy and for detecting adulteration or dilution with lower-cost alkaloid-containing materials. The method supports raw material qualification, finished product release testing, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This assay quantifies beta-alanine, a non-essential amino acid widely used in sports supplements to buffer lactic acid and delay fatigue. Using LC-MS/MS, it confirms the presence and potency of beta-alanine in pre-workouts, amino blends, and performance formulas to support label accuracy and product efficacy.
Samples are extracted in aqueous solution, filtered, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified beta-alanine standards with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared with formulation targets and declared label claims. Testing ensures that efficacious doses are delivered consistently across batches and helps guard against under-dosing or mislabeling.
This test quantifies beta-glucan — a soluble polysaccharide found in oats, barley, and fungal sources such as yeast and medicinal mushrooms — in raw materials, extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Beta-glucan is one of the most extensively studied functional ingredients, with FDA-authorized health claims for oat and barley beta-glucan's role in reducing the risk of heart disease. Accurate potency verification is essential for substantiating label claims, confirming the source-appropriate beta-glucan structure (cereal vs. fungal), and ensuring that the declared amount of this functional fiber is present in the finished product. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and subjected to a controlled enzymatic hydrolysis protocol to selectively degrade beta-glucan into its constituent glucose units while minimizing interference from starch and other polysaccharides. Starch is first removed by treatment with amyloglucosidase and invertase, followed by specific hydrolysis of the beta-glucan fraction using lichenase (endo-1,3:1,4-β-glucanase). The resulting oligosaccharide hydrolysate — primarily tri- and tetrasaccharides characteristic of (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-glucan — is analyzed by HPLC on a suitable carbohydrate column with refractive index (RI) or evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified beta-glucan reference standard. Quality control samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy and precision.
Beta-glucan is a structurally complex polysaccharide whose potency cannot be accurately measured by simple gravimetric or total fiber methods, which do not distinguish between beta-glucan and other dietary fiber components. HPLC following selective enzymatic hydrolysis provides a specific and reproducible measure of true beta-glucan content, distinguishing it from starch, cellulose, and other polysaccharides in complex cereal and fungal matrices. This method is aligned with AOAC-validated approaches for beta-glucan quantification and supports FDA health claim compliance, label claim substantiation, and raw material qualification under 21 CFR 111.
This test quantifies beta-glucan — a soluble polysaccharide found in oats, barley, and fungal sources such as yeast and medicinal mushrooms — in raw materials, extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Beta-glucan is one of the most extensively studied functional ingredients, with FDA-authorized health claims for oat and barley beta-glucan's role in reducing the risk of heart disease. Accurate potency verification is essential for substantiating label claims, confirming the source-appropriate beta-glucan structure (cereal vs. fungal), and ensuring that the declared amount of this functional fiber is present in the finished product. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and subjected to a controlled enzymatic hydrolysis protocol to selectively degrade beta-glucan into its constituent glucose units while minimizing interference from starch and other polysaccharides. Starch is first removed by treatment with amyloglucosidase and invertase, followed by specific hydrolysis of the beta-glucan fraction using lichenase (endo-1,3:1,4-β-glucanase). The resulting oligosaccharide hydrolysate — primarily tri- and tetrasaccharides characteristic of (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-glucan — is analyzed by HPLC on a suitable carbohydrate column with refractive index (RI) or evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified beta-glucan reference standard. Quality control samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy and precision.
Beta-glucan is a structurally complex polysaccharide whose potency cannot be accurately measured by simple gravimetric or total fiber methods, which do not distinguish between beta-glucan and other dietary fiber components. HPLC following selective enzymatic hydrolysis provides a specific and reproducible measure of true beta-glucan content, distinguishing it from starch, cellulose, and other polysaccharides in complex cereal and fungal matrices. This method is aligned with AOAC-validated approaches for beta-glucan quantification and supports FDA health claim compliance, label claim substantiation, and raw material qualification under 21 CFR 111.
This assay quantifies beta-glucan content using the enzymatic Megazyme method, which is AOAC- and AACC-approved for measuring beta-glucans in cereal grains, mushrooms, and dietary supplements. It is commonly used for standardizing oat and barley extracts as well as immune-support formulations.
Samples are enzymatically digested using lichenase and β-glucosidase to release glucose from beta-glucan polymers. The liberated glucose is then measured spectrophotometrically using glucose oxidase/peroxidase reagents.
Results are reported in % w/w or mg/g of beta-glucan. Values are compared to standardization targets and label claims to ensure active fiber content and formulation consistency.
This test quantifies betaine (trimethylglycine, TMG) — a naturally occurring trimethyl derivative of the amino acid glycine found in foods such as beets (Beta vulgaris), wheat germ, and spinach — in raw materials and dietary supplements using Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Betaine functions as an osmolyte and methyl donor in one-carbon metabolism, supporting homocysteine remethylation, liver fat metabolism, and cellular hydration. It is widely used in dietary supplements for cardiovascular health, liver support, and sports performance applications. Accurate potency verification by LC-MS/MS is essential for specifically quantifying betaine and distinguishing it from structurally related compounds — including betaine aldehyde, choline, and carnitine — that may co-occur in complex botanical and food-derived matrices. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and dissolved in an appropriate aqueous diluent. An isotopically labeled internal standard (e.g., betaine-d9 or ¹³C-labeled betaine) is added prior to sample preparation to correct for matrix effects and recovery variability. The extract is filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase or HILIC LC-MS/MS using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive ion mode, with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions selected for the characteristic precursor and product ions of betaine (m/z 118 → 58 and 118 → 59 are commonly used transitions). Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified betaine reference standard. Quality control samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy, precision, and linearity throughout the analytical run.
Betaine is a small, highly polar, permanently charged quaternary ammonium compound with no significant UV chromophore, making it poorly suited to standard reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection. LC-MS/MS with MRM detection provides the compound-specific selectivity and sensitivity required to accurately quantify betaine in complex food and supplement matrices, distinguishing it from isobaric and structurally related compounds such as choline, carnitine, and proline betaine that may co-occur and interfere with less specific analytical methods. The use of an isotopically labeled internal standard further ensures accurate quantification by correcting for matrix-dependent ionization effects. This method supports label claim substantiation, raw material qualification, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This test quantifies betaine nitrate — a salt combining trimethylglycine (betaine) and nitrate, used in sports nutrition formulations for its combined vasodilatory and performance-enhancing properties — in raw materials and dietary supplements using titration. Accurate quantification of betaine nitrate is essential for label claim verification and for confirming that the declared dose of this dual-function ingredient is present in the finished product. Titration provides a reliable, direct measure of the betaine nitrate content in high-purity raw material testing. Results are reported as a percentage purity or in milligrams per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and dissolved in a suitable solvent. Depending on the validated protocol, either the nitrate component or the betaine component is targeted for titration. For nitrate quantification, a potentiometric or argentometric titration approach may be applied. For betaine quantification, a non-aqueous perchloric acid titration in glacial acetic acid may be used, exploiting the basic character of the trimethylglycine moiety. The endpoint is determined potentiometrically or by indicator color change, and the betaine nitrate content is calculated from the volume and molarity of titrant consumed relative to the sample weight. Reference standard checks and blank titrations are performed concurrently to confirm method accuracy.
Betaine nitrate is a relatively novel, premium sports nutrition ingredient where both the betaine and nitrate components contribute to its performance benefits, making accurate potency verification important for both label claim compliance and product efficacy. Titration provides a straightforward and cost-effective method for confirming the purity of betaine nitrate raw materials prior to use in formulation, supporting incoming material qualification and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111. For finished product testing in complex multi-ingredient matrices, complementary methods such as HPLC or IC may be required to provide adequate specificity.
This test confirms the identity of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in raw materials, extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Piper nigrum is one of the most extensively used spices and botanical ingredients globally, and its primary bioactive alkaloid, piperine, is widely incorporated into dietary supplement formulations as a bioavailability enhancer (commonly marketed under proprietary names such as BioPerine®). HPTLC identity testing generates a characteristic chromatographic fingerprint — anchored by the prominent piperine band alongside other characteristic alkaloids and amides — that is compared against an authenticated P. nigrum reference standard to confirm species identity and detect potential adulteration, substitution with other Piper species (e.g., P. longum, P. retrofractum), or blending with inferior materials.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate solvent system (e.g., methanol or dichloromethane) to capture the characteristic alkaloid and amide profile of P. nigrum, including piperine and related piperamides. The extract is applied alongside a certified black pepper reference standard and, where applicable, potential adulterant or related Piper species extracts, onto an HPTLC silica gel plate using an automated sample applicator. The plate is developed in a validated solvent system optimized to resolve piperine and the characteristic secondary metabolites of P. nigrum. After development, the plate is evaluated under UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm, and may be further derivatized with an appropriate reagent (e.g., anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid) for visualization under white light. The resulting fingerprint pattern is compared visually and, where applicable, by densitometric analysis to the authenticated reference standard in accordance with established HPTLC identity testing guidelines.
Black pepper and closely related Piper species share similar morphological characteristics, making botanical identity confirmation by HPTLC fingerprinting essential for distinguishing authentic P. nigrum from potential adulterants or substitutes. HPTLC provides a holistic, multi-compound chromatographic identity confirmation that is more discriminating than single-marker piperine assays alone, enabling detection of species substitution or adulteration that would not be apparent from potency testing. This method aligns with USP botanical identity testing guidelines and supports cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111, ensuring that only correctly identified raw materials are used in finished products.
This assay quantifies elemental boron in supplements, raw materials, or functional foods using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). It is commonly used to verify boron content in bone health and trace mineral formulations or ensure compliance with formulation specifications.
Samples are digested using acid-based microwave or wet digestion protocols and analyzed by ICP-MS. Quantification is performed using certified boron standards with internal standard correction and quality control samples to ensure accurate and reproducible results.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm mineral content, detect overages, and ensure dosing consistency.
This test identifies and quantifies boswellic acids, the active compounds in Boswellia extracts, which are important for product efficacy and quality control. The method uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to provide sensitive and specific detection in raw materials, powders, and finished products. Results are reported in mg/g with detection limits suitable for trace-level analysis.
Samples are prepared by extracting with methanol under controlled temperature and agitation to ensure efficient recovery of boswellic acids. The extracts are analyzed using LC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, targeting specific mass transitions for each boswellic acid. Quantification is achieved through calibration curves constructed with certified boswellic acid reference standards and corrected using an internal standard. Method accuracy and precision are verified by duplicate injections and spike recovery tests.
Results are reported via Present or Not Present. Values are compared to standardization targets and label claims to verify active content and detect underformulation or degradation.
This assay measures bovine insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a peptide growth factor present in bovine colostrum and dairy-derived ingredients. Analysis may be performed using ELISA for targeted immunoquantification or LC-MS/MS for confirmatory peptide-level measurement.
Samples are prepared and analyzed using validated ELISA and/or LC-MS/MS workflows.
ELISA uses bovine-specific antibodies to quantify IGF-1 against calibrated standards.
LC-MS/MS provides orthogonal confirmation by detecting IGF-1–specific peptide fragments following protein digestion.
Quality controls and reference materials ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Testing verifies bovine IGF-1 content, supports label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency.
This assay measures bovine insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), a peptide growth factor present in bovine colostrum and dairy-derived ingredients. LC-MS/MS provides highly specific and sensitive quantification through peptide-level detection.
Samples are prepared and analyzed under validated LC-MS/MS chromatographic conditions. Following protein digestion, IGF-2–specific peptide fragments are detected using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and quantified against certified reference standards. Internal calibration and quality controls ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Testing verifies bovine IGF-2 content, supports label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency in colostrum and bioactive protein products.
This test identifies and quantifies BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157), a synthetic pentadecapeptide composed of 15 amino acids, in research formulations and raw materials using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). BPC-157 is used in research contexts for its studied effects on musculoskeletal repair, gut health, and angiogenesis. LC-MS/MS provides the molecular specificity required to confirm peptide identity and accurately measure concentration, distinguishing BPC-157 from degradation products, related peptide impurities, and other co-formulated compounds. Results are reported in mg per vial, mg per mL, or mg per gram as applicable.
A representative sample is dissolved or diluted in an aqueous solvent system (typically 0.1% formic acid in water/acetonitrile) and filtered prior to injection. The solution is injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ionization Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. Precursor-to-product ion transitions specific to BPC-157 are monitored for both quantification and identity confirmation. Quantification is performed against a multi-point calibration curve prepared from a certified BPC-157 reference standard, with a stable isotope-labeled or structurally analogous internal standard used to correct for matrix effects and recovery variability.
BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide that requires a highly specific analytical method to confirm both identity and potency, as its molecular structure cannot be distinguished from impurities or degradation products by UV-based methods alone. LC-MS/MS provides the mass accuracy and selectivity needed to unambiguously confirm the peptide sequence and quantify it at the concentration levels relevant to research formulations, supporting product integrity and accurate labeling.
This test measures the proteolytic (protein-digesting) activity of bromelain — a mixture of cysteine proteases derived from the stem and fruit of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) — in raw materials and dietary supplements using the Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) standardized activity assay. Bromelain is widely used in dietary supplements for its digestive enzyme activity, anti-inflammatory properties, and support for muscle recovery and joint health. Enzyme activity is expressed in Bromelain Casein Units (BCU) or Gelatin Digesting Units (GDU), where one GDU is defined as the amount of enzyme that digests a defined quantity of gelatin substrate per unit time under specified assay conditions. Accurate activity verification is essential for confirming that bromelain ingredient potency meets label claim specifications and for ensuring consistent functional performance across batches. Results are reported in BCU or GDU per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and dissolved in an appropriate cold buffer to prepare a working enzyme solution. The bromelain activity assay is performed according to the FCC monograph procedure using a casein or gelatin substrate: a defined volume of the enzyme solution is incubated with the substrate at a controlled pH (typically pH 6.0–7.0) and temperature (37°C) for a precisely timed reaction period. For the BCU assay, the reaction is terminated by addition of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to precipitate undigested protein, and the absorbance of the TCA-soluble hydrolysate — reflecting the concentration of liberated tyrosine and tyrosine-equivalent peptides — is measured spectrophotometrically at 275 nm. Enzyme activity is calculated from the absorbance reading using the FCC-defined unit calculation, referenced against a tyrosine standard curve. Reagent blanks and substrate controls are run concurrently to correct for non-enzymatic hydrolysis and background absorbance.
The FCC bromelain activity assay is the standardized, industry-recognized method for bromelain potency measurement, providing a reproducible and internationally accepted unit of enzyme activity (BCU or GDU) that enables direct comparison of potency across different bromelain sources, suppliers, and batches. FCC-defined activity units are the standard for enzyme ingredient labeling and quality specifications in the dietary supplement industry, ensuring that label claims accurately reflect functional enzymatic potency rather than total protein mass. This approach is more meaningful for quality control of enzyme ingredients than protein content assays alone, as enzyme activity can be significantly affected by processing conditions, storage, and formulation. The method supports label claim substantiation and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This assay quantifies bromelain activity using the USP titration method, reported in Gelatin Digesting Units (GDU). The test measures the proteolytic activity of bromelain based on its ability to hydrolyze protein substrates under standardized conditions.
Samples are incubated with a gelatin or protein substrate under controlled pH and temperature per USP requirements. The extent of protein digestion is determined by titration of released amino groups. Enzyme activity is calculated according to the USP definition of one GDU. Calibration standards and duplicate analyses ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Testing verifies enzyme potency, supports label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency in bromelain-containing formulations.
This assay quantifies butyric acid (butyrate), a short-chain fatty acid commonly used in gut health and digestive support supplements. Using HPLC, it measures butyrate content in capsules, powders, or coated formulations to verify label claims and support functional product development.
Samples are extracted in aqueous or acidified solvent and analyzed by HPLC with UV or refractive index detection, depending on the matrix. Quantification is performed using certified butyric acid standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to label claims and formulation targets to confirm proper dosing and detect potential degradation or substitution.
This assay quantifies caffeine, a widely used stimulant found in energy drinks, pre-workouts, nootropics, and fat burners. Using HPLC, it verifies caffeine content to ensure label accuracy and prevent over- or under-dosing in finished products.
Samples are extracted in aqueous or methanol solution and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a caffeine-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified caffeine standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared with declared label claims and formulation targets to confirm proper dosing and detect any misformulation.
This test measures the concentration of Calcium HMB, the calcium salt of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, to verify the potency and quality of raw materials and finished products such as powders and capsules. The assay uses High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection to specifically quantify Calcium HMB. Results are reported in mg per gram or per serving to ensure accurate dosage compliance.
Samples are prepared by dissolving a weighed portion in an aqueous solvent, followed by filtration to remove particulates. The solution is injected into an HPLC system equipped with a reversed-phase column and UV detection set at 210 nm, optimal for HMB absorption. Quantification is achieved using a calibration curve generated from certified Calcium HMB reference standards across a defined concentration range. Method accuracy and precision are confirmed through duplicate injections, inclusion of quality control samples, and spike recovery experiments to validate extraction efficiency.
Testing verifies label claims, ensures product consistency, and confirms the standardized potency expected in CaHMB-containing formulations.
This test quantifies caprylic acid (C8:0), a medium-chain saturated fatty acid, in dietary supplements, MCT oil products, and raw materials using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Caprylic acid is valued for its rapid absorption and conversion to ketones, making it a key active ingredient in MCT-based and ketogenic formulations. Accurate quantification ensures the declared concentration of caprylic acid is present and that the fatty acid profile meets product specifications. Results are reported in mg per serving or as a percentage of total fat content, as applicable.
A representative sample is weighed and subjected to fatty acid extraction using an organic solvent system, followed by derivatization — typically as fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) or phenacyl esters — to improve chromatographic retention and UV detectability. The derivatized extract is injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column, and detection is performed by UV at approximately 210–254 nm depending on the derivatization approach used. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified caprylic acid reference standard, with system suitability and QC samples run concurrently to confirm method performance.
Caprylic acid is a primary label-claimed ingredient in MCT oil and ketogenic supplement products, and accurate potency measurement is essential for label claim substantiation and cGMP compliance. HPLC with derivatization provides the retention and UV sensitivity needed to quantify caprylic acid specifically within a broader fatty acid profile, distinguishing it from capric acid (C10:0) and other co-present medium- and long-chain fatty acids in complex lipid matrices.
This assay quantifies L-carnitine, a conditionally essential nutrient involved in mitochondrial energy transfer and fat metabolism. Using LC-MS/MS, it verifies L-carnitine content in supplements, beverages, and performance products to ensure proper dosing and label accuracy.
Samples are extracted in acidified aqueous solution and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using high-purity L-carnitine standards with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision and reproducibility.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to declared label claims and formulation targets. This assay helps confirm ingredient integrity and supports functional claims in metabolic health and sports nutrition products.
This test quantifies carvacrol — the primary phenolic monoterpenoid found in oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil and a key bioactive compound in thyme and other aromatic herbs — in botanical extracts, essential oils, raw materials, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Carvacrol is the principal marker compound used to standardize oregano oil extracts and is responsible for the ingredient's well-documented antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. Accurate quantification confirms that the extract meets its declared potency and that the correct botanical material is present. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and dissolved or diluted in an appropriate organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol. The solution is filtered through a 0.2 µm membrane and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column, with UV detection at approximately 270–280 nm. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified carvacrol reference standard. Peak identity is confirmed by retention time and UV spectral comparison to the reference standard, and the method resolves carvacrol from its structural isomer thymol, which may co-occur in oregano and thyme-derived materials. System suitability and quality control standards are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy and precision.
Oregano oil extracts are commercially standardized on the basis of carvacrol content, typically to 60–80% or higher, making accurate HPLC quantification essential for verifying that a given extract meets its standardization claim. Carvacrol and thymol are structural isomers with similar UV absorbance profiles, and HPLC provides the chromatographic resolution needed to quantify each compound independently — an important distinction as their relative proportions vary between botanical species and can affect both the biological activity and the authenticity of the extract. This test supports raw material qualification and label claim compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This panel quantifies key catechins commonly found in green tea and botanical extracts: epicatechin, epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Using HPLC, it verifies the concentration of each catechin to ensure consistency in antioxidant and metabolic health formulations.
Samples are extracted using methanol or aqueous solvents under light-protected conditions. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at catechin-specific wavelengths. Quantification is performed using certified standards for each compound, with internal standard correction and duplicate runs to ensure accuracy.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving for each catechin. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm active content and support claims related to antioxidant, cardiovascular, or metabolic benefits.
This test confirms the identity of chlorella — primarily Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck and Chlorella pyrenoidosa H.Chick, unicellular green microalgae (Chlorophyta) widely used in dietary supplements — in raw materials, dried powders, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Chlorella is one of the most commercially significant microalgae-based dietary supplements globally, valued for its high chlorophyll content, complete protein profile, and Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF). Its characteristic phytochemical profile includes chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids (lutein, β-carotene, zeaxanthin), and tocopherols. HPTLC identity testing generates a characteristic pigment-based chromatographic fingerprint that is compared against an authenticated chlorella reference standard to confirm species identity and detect potential adulteration, substitution with other microalgae (e.g., spirulina/Arthrospira spp.), or blending with non-algal plant materials.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate solvent system (e.g., acetone or methanol) to capture the characteristic pigment profile of chlorella, including chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids. The extract is applied alongside a certified chlorella reference standard and, where applicable, potential adulterant extracts (e.g., spirulina powder, other green microalgae), onto an HPTLC silica gel plate using an automated sample applicator. The plate is developed in a validated non-polar solvent system optimized to resolve the characteristic pigment bands of chlorella, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lutein, and β-carotene. After development, the plate is evaluated under white light and UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm, where the characteristic green and yellow-orange pigment bands of chlorella are visualized without derivatization. The resulting fingerprint pattern — notably the presence of both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and the characteristic carotenoid profile including lutein — is compared visually and, where applicable, by densitometric analysis to the authenticated reference standard in accordance with established HPTLC identity testing guidelines.
Chlorella is subject to adulteration and species substitution, including blending with spirulina, other microalgae, or non-algal plant powders. A key distinguishing feature of chlorella relative to spirulina is the presence of both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b (spirulina contains chlorophyll a but not chlorophyll b) and a distinct carotenoid profile enriched in lutein rather than zeaxanthin. HPTLC pigment fingerprinting exploits these characteristic compositional differences to provide a discriminating identity confirmation that distinguishes authentic chlorella from spirulina and other potential substitutes. This method aligns with USP botanical identity testing guidelines and supports cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111, ensuring that only correctly identified raw materials are used in finished products.
This test measures the total chlorogenic acids, including key caffeoylquinic acid isomers (3-CQA, 4-CQA, and 5-CQA), which are important antioxidants in plant-based raw materials and finished products. Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection, the assay quantifies these compounds to ensure ingredient potency and consistency. Results are reported in milligrams per gram (mg/g) or as a percentage of the sample weight, supporting quality control and standardization efforts.
Samples are prepared by extracting 0.5 grams of powdered material with 10 mL of 70% methanol using sonication for 30 minutes, followed by filtration. The extract is injected into an HPLC system equipped with a C18 reversed-phase column and UV detection at 325 nm. Separation of 3-CQA, 4-CQA, and 5-CQA is achieved using a gradient elution of water and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid over 30 minutes. Quantification is performed by comparing peak areas to a calibration curve constructed from certified chlorogenic acid standards. Method accuracy is verified through duplicate injections, spiked recovery tests, and analysis of quality control samples.
Results are reported in mg/g (raw materials) or mg/serving (finished products). Testing verifies standardized potency, ensures product consistency, and supports antioxidant and functional food claims.
This assay measures chlorophyll and related chlorophyll derivatives using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The method provides accurate quantification of chlorophyll pigments, supporting quality control for plant-based and antioxidant formulations.
Samples are extracted under light-protected conditions and analyzed using validated HPLC chromatographic methods. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and potential derivatives (e.g., pheophytins) are separated and detected by UV or diode-array detection. Quantitation is performed using certified reference standards with calibration and replicate runs ensuring accuracy and reproducibility.
Testing confirms standardized potency, verifies label claims, and supports consistency in green superfood and botanical products.
This assay quantifies cholesterol content in food and supplement samples using Gas Chromatography (GC) following AOAC Official Method 976.26. It ensures compliance with nutritional labeling requirements and verifies formulation accuracy in animal-based products and fortified foods.
Samples are saponified to release cholesterol from esters, then extracted with organic solvents. The extract is analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). Quantification is achieved using calibration curves from high-purity cholesterol standards, with duplicate runs and internal reference correction to ensure precision.
Results are reported in mg per 100 g or per serving. The values are compared with regulatory thresholds and label claims. Accurate cholesterol quantification supports transparency in nutrition facts panels and helps monitor lipid levels in dietary and functional formulations.
This assay quantifies choline—an essential nutrient involved in liver function, brain development, and cell membrane structure—in food and supplement matrices. It measures both free choline and that released from bound forms after conversion. The method employs LC‑MS/MS for high sensitivity and accuracy, supporting nutritional labeling and product quality assessment.
The sample is subjected to an extraction process (often including acid digestion) to liberate choline from bound compounds. An internal standard is added to correct for any losses during processing. The extract is analyzed by LC‑MS/MS, with calibration performed using choline standards and quality control measures ensuring data integrity.
Results are provided in mg per 100 g or per serving. The reported levels allow comparison with nutritional targets and formulation claims. Consistency across batches confirms reliable manufacturing, while deviations may prompt adjustments in fortification levels.
This assay quantifies citicoline (CDP-choline), a bioavailable choline donor used in nootropic and neurological support supplements. Using HPLC, it measures citicoline content in raw materials and finished formulations to verify potency, ensure label accuracy, and detect degradation or adulteration.
Samples are extracted in aqueous or buffered solvent and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a compound-specific wavelength (typically ~270 nm). Quantification is performed using certified citicoline standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure reproducibility and accuracy.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared against formulation targets and declared label claims to confirm dosing accuracy, validate standardized potency, and ensure consistency across production batches.
This test quantifies citric acid content in raw materials, powders, and finished products using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Citric acid is important for flavor enhancement, preservation, and pH regulation in formulations. The method provides precise measurement down to 0.01% concentration, supporting quality control and regulatory compliance.
Samples are prepared by dissolving a representative portion in deionized water followed by filtration to remove particulates. The extract is injected into an HPLC system equipped with a C18 reversed-phase column and detected using UV absorbance at 210 nm. Quantification is achieved by comparing peak areas to a calibration curve generated from certified citric acid reference standards. Method accuracy is verified through duplicate injections and spike recovery tests to ensure reproducibility and reliability.
Testing verifies correct formulation levels, supports quality assurance, and ensures consistent sensory and functional performance.
This assay quantifies cocoa flavonols using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The method provides accurate profiling of cocoa polyphenols to assess purity and active content.
Samples are extracted and analyzed by HPLC under validated chromatographic conditions. Major flavonol compounds—such as catechin, epicatechin, and procyanidins—are separated and detected via UV or fluorescence detection. Quantitation is performed against certified standards, with duplicate runs ensuring precision.
Results are reported as mg/g (raw material) or mg/serving (finished products). Testing verifies standardized potency in cocoa extracts, supports antioxidant and cardiovascular health claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency.
This assay quantifies conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a group of omega-6 fatty acid isomers commonly found in weight management and sports nutrition supplements. Using LC-MS/MS, it verifies CLA content in oils, softgels, and powders to confirm label claims and ensure proper dosing in functional products.
Samples are extracted in organic solvent and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using isomer-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed with certified CLA standards, internal standard correction, and duplicate injections to ensure accurate and reproducible results.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to label claims and formulation targets to confirm consistency, detect degradation, or identify formulation issues across batches.
This test quantifies Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) — a fat-soluble, endogenously produced compound essential for mitochondrial ATP synthesis and cellular antioxidant protection — in dietary supplements, raw materials, and finished products using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). CoQ10 is one of the most widely used ingredients in cardiovascular and energy support supplements, and accurate potency verification is critical for label claim substantiation given the significant cost of pharmaceutical-grade CoQ10 and its susceptibility to underdosing. This method is applicable to both the oxidized form (ubiquinone) and, with appropriate method adaptation, the reduced form (ubiquinol). Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an organic solvent such as ethanol, hexane, or a methanol/isopropanol mixture, with sonication to ensure complete dissolution of the lipophilic CoQ10. The extract is filtered through a 0.2 µm membrane and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column, with UV or Electrochemical (ECD) detection at approximately 275 nm. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified CoQ10 (ubiquinone) reference standard. System suitability and quality control standards are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy and precision, and all sample preparation steps are performed with minimal light exposure to prevent photodegradation.
CoQ10 is a high-value ingredient that commands a significant price premium, making it one of the more commonly underdosed actives in the supplement industry. HPLC with UV or electrochemical detection provides the sensitivity and specificity needed to accurately quantify CoQ10 in complex lipid-rich matrices, distinguishing it from structurally related ubiquinol and other fat-soluble co-extractives. Rigorous potency testing is essential for label claim compliance, raw material qualification, and consumer trust in cardiovascular and energy support formulations under 21 CFR 111.
This test quantifies cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) — a naturally occurring adenosine analog and the principal bioactive nucleoside constituent of Cordyceps militaris — in raw materials, fungal extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Cordycepin is one of the most pharmacologically significant compounds in the Cordyceps genus, with a growing body of research supporting its roles in energy metabolism, immune modulation, anti-inflammatory activity, and cellular health. It is used as a key potency marker to differentiate high-quality C. militaris extracts from Cordyceps sinensis and mycelium-based products, which typically contain little to no cordycepin. Accurate quantification is essential for label claim substantiation and for confirming the quality and authenticity of Cordyceps raw materials. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate aqueous solvent system (e.g., water or aqueous methanol) to ensure complete dissolution of cordycepin and related nucleosides. The extract is filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column with UV detection at 260 nm, the characteristic absorption maximum of the adenine nucleobase chromophore shared by cordycepin and adenosine. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified cordycepin reference standard. Where applicable, related nucleosides — including adenosine and cordycepic acid (D-mannitol) — may be monitored simultaneously to provide a broader nucleoside profile and confirm the characteristic Cordyceps composition. Quality control samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy, precision, and linearity throughout the analytical run.
Cordycepin's adenine nucleobase chromophore provides strong UV absorption at 260 nm, making HPLC with UV detection a sensitive and specific method for its quantification without the need for derivatization. Chromatographic separation on a C18 column resolves cordycepin from adenosine and other co-occurring nucleosides based on differences in hydrophobicity, ensuring that potency results reflect cordycepin content specifically. This distinction is analytically critical, as cordycepin and adenosine differ by only a single hydroxyl group at the 3' position of the ribose sugar and cannot be distinguished by UV spectrophotometry alone. The method supports raw material qualification, label claim substantiation, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This test confirms the botanical identity of Cordyceps sinensis mushroom in raw materials and finished products using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). The characteristic nucleoside fingerprint — including adenosine and cordycepin — of the sample is compared against a certified Cordyceps sinensis reference standard to confirm species authenticity and detect substitution with Cordyceps militaris, mycelium-on-grain products, or unrelated fungal materials. Results are reported as confirmed identity or non-conforming.
A representative sample is extracted using methanol-water and applied alongside a certified Cordyceps sinensis reference standard onto an HPTLC silica gel plate. The plate is developed in a validated solvent system, examined under UV at 254 nm and 366 nm, and the fingerprint is compared visually and by densitometric scanning to the reference standard in terms of Rf values, band positions, and fluorescence profile.
Cordyceps is one of the most adulterated mushroom ingredients in the supplement market, with mycelium-on-grain products and Cordyceps militaris frequently substituted for true Cordyceps sinensis fruiting body. HPTLC identity testing provides a practical and defensible method for confirming species authenticity, supporting supplier qualification and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This assay quantifies coumarin, a naturally occurring benzopyrone compound found at markedly higher levels in cassia cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) than in Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Coumarin is subject to regulatory intake limits due to its hepatotoxic potential at elevated exposure, making accurate quantification important for cinnamon-containing foods, spice blends, and botanical supplements where cassia is a common, lower-cost cinnamon source. Results are reported in mg/kg or mg/serving.
A representative sample is extracted using methanol or aqueous-methanol with sonication to solubilize coumarin from the cinnamon or botanical matrix. The extract is filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column with UV or fluorescence detection at a wavelength selective for coumarin's characteristic chromophore. Quantification is performed against a multi-point calibration curve prepared from a certified coumarin reference standard, with duplicate injections and spike-recovery controls confirming accuracy and precision.
Cassia and Ceylon cinnamon are visually and often commercially indistinguishable once ground, yet differ substantially in coumarin content and associated health risk. HPLC provides the selectivity and sensitivity needed to quantify coumarin accurately against matrix background, supporting compliance with regulatory intake limits and cGMP requirements under 21 CFR 111.
This test confirms the botanical identity of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) in raw materials, extracts, and finished products using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). The characteristic polyphenolic fingerprint of the sample — including anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and flavonols specific to Vaccinium macrocarpon — is compared against a certified cranberry reference standard to confirm species authenticity and detect substitution with other Vaccinium species, grape skin extracts, or synthetic colorants used to mimic cranberry's characteristic profile. Results are reported as confirmed identity or non-conforming.
A representative sample is extracted using aqueous methanol or acidified ethanol and applied alongside a certified Vaccinium macrocarpon reference standard onto an HPTLC silica gel plate. The plate is developed in a validated solvent system and examined under UV at 254 nm and 366 nm, and optionally derivatized with a suitable spray reagent such as Natural Products Reagent A (NP/PEG) to enhance visualization of the flavonoid and anthocyanin bands. The resulting fingerprint is compared visually and by densitometric scanning to the reference standard in terms of Rf values, band positions, and fluorescence profile.
Cranberry is a high-demand botanical ingredient that is frequently adulterated with lower-cost fruit extracts — including grape, elderberry, and bilberry — or diluted with non-specific polyphenol sources that lack the A-type proanthocyanidins characteristic of genuine Vaccinium macrocarpon. HPTLC identity testing based on the cranberry polyphenolic fingerprint provides a rapid and defensible species confirmation, supporting supplier qualification, consumer safety, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This assay quantifies a full panel of creatine-related compounds to confirm potency, and identity. It includes analysis of Creatine Monohydrate, Creatine, Creatinine, Dicyandiamide, and Creatine Nitrate, providing a comprehensive profile for raw materials and finished supplements.
The sample is weighed and dissolved following USP guidelines. Using either HPLC or titrimetric analysis, creatine is quantified by comparing the sample response to a certified reference standard. Moisture content is corrected for, and duplicate analyses along with system suitability tests are performed to ensure accuracy.
Results are expressed as a percentage (on a dried basis) or in mg per serving. Values within the USP-specified range indicate that the product meets purity and dosage requirements, while deviations may signal formulation or processing issues.
This assay measures crocin, a carotenoid glycoside, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-Visible detection (HPLC/UV-Vis). The analysis provides accurate quantification for quality control and standardization.
Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated HPLC conditions. Crocin is chromatographically separated and detected by UV-Vis at its characteristic absorbance. Quantitation is performed using certified reference standards, with calibration curves and replicate injections ensuring accuracy and reproducibility.
Testing verifies standardized potency, confirms label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency.
This test quantifies crocins — the water-soluble carotenoid glycosides responsible for saffron's characteristic deep red color and primary bioactivity — in saffron (Crocus sativus) raw materials, standardized extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-Visible (HPLC/UV-Vis) detection. Crocins, principally trans-crocetin di-(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ester (crocin-1) and its related esters, are the key marker compounds used to standardize saffron extracts and are directly linked to the ingredient's documented effects on mood, cognitive function, and antioxidant capacity. Accurate quantification confirms extract potency, supports label claim substantiation, and helps detect adulteration with synthetic colorants or inferior saffron materials. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using aqueous methanol or water, with sonication to ensure complete dissolution of the polar crocin glycosides. The extract is filtered through a 0.2 µm membrane and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column, with UV-Vis detection at approximately 440 nm — the characteristic absorption maximum of the crocin chromophore. Individual crocin esters (crocin-1 through crocin-4) are resolved chromatographically and quantified against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified crocin reference standard. Safranal and picrocrocin peaks may also be monitored concurrently to provide a comprehensive saffron quality profile. System suitability and quality control standards are run at regular intervals to confirm method accuracy and precision.
Saffron is the world's most expensive spice by weight and is one of the most heavily adulterated botanical ingredients in the supplement industry, with common adulterants including synthetic carotenoid dyes (e.g., Sudan red, tartrazine), safflower petals, and low-grade saffron stigmas mixed with styles. HPLC/UV-Vis quantification of individual crocin esters provides a highly specific and reproducible measure of saffron extract potency that cannot be replicated by simple UV absorbance measurements alone, enabling detection of adulteration with non-saffron colorants that may absorb at similar wavelengths. This test is aligned with ISO 3632 quality standards for saffron and supports both raw material qualification and finished product release under 21 CFR 111.
This assay estimates crude fiber by measuring the indigestible residue remaining after sequential acid and alkali digestion of the food sample. It primarily captures components such as cellulose and lignin, though it underestimates total dietary fiber. It is used in legacy analyses and certain feed quality assessments to gauge plant residue content.
The sample is defatted (if necessary) and boiled in dilute acid to remove starches and soluble components, then treated with dilute alkali. The residue is filtered, dried, and weighed, and subsequently incinerated to determine ash content. The difference between the dry residue and ash weight provides the crude fiber content, with replicate testing and blanks ensuring method consistency.
Results are given as a percentage of the sample weight. Higher crude fiber values indicate a greater proportion of indigestible plant material. Although it does not capture all fiber, it provides a comparative metric for consistency across batches or ingredients.
This assay quantifies curcuminoid content in turmeric (Curcuma longa) extracts using HPLC. It measures four key bioactive compounds: Total Curcuminoids, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, Curcumin, and Demethoxycurcumin. This profile is essential for verifying potency, ensuring extract standardization (e.g., 95% curcuminoids), and detecting adulteration or degradation.
Samples are extracted using solvents optimized for curcuminoid recovery under light-protected conditions. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with detection at a specific wavelength for curcumin and its analogs (demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin). Calibration with high-purity curcumin standards, along with internal standard correction and duplicate runs, ensures reliable quantification.
Results are provided in mg per g or per serving. The values are assessed against label claims and formulation targets. Measuring curcumin content confirms extract standardization and helps ensure therapeutic consistency across production batches.
This assay quantifies total curcuminoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa) extracts using HPLC. It measures the key bioactive compounds which are responsible for turmeric’s functional properties. This profile is essential for verifying standardized extracts (e.g., 95% curcuminoids) and ensuring potency in finished products.
Samples are extracted using methanol or other suitable organic solvents and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection (typically at ~425 nm). Quantification is performed using certified reference standards for each curcuminoid, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections for precision.
Results are reported in mg per g or % w/w for each compound and total curcuminoids. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm potency, detect degradation, and identify possible adulteration.
This assay quantifies dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone precursor to androgens and estrogens. Using HPLC, it verifies DHEA content in dietary supplements and raw materials to ensure label accuracy, potency, and stability across production batches.
Samples are extracted in organic solvents and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a compound-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified DHEA reference standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure reproducibility and accuracy.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to declared label claims and formulation targets to confirm dosing consistency and detect underformulation or degradation.
This test determines Total Dietary Fiber (TDF) in foods, dietary supplement ingredients, and finished products using AOAC Official Method 2009.01, an enzymatic-gravimetric–liquid chromatographic method developed to align with the CODEX definition of dietary fiber. The method is designed to measure the sum of non-digestible carbohydrate polymers that meet the method’s validated scope, including insoluble dietary fiber, soluble high-molecular-weight dietary fiber, resistant starch, and soluble low-molecular-weight dietary-fiber fractions such as qualifying nondigestible oligosaccharides. The result is reported as total dietary fiber, typically in g/100 g, % w/w, g/serving, or g/100 g on an as-is or dry-weight basis as specified. This catalog entry provides a single Total Dietary Fiber result; it does not separately report insoluble dietary fiber, soluble high-molecular-weight dietary fiber, or low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber fractions.
A representative, homogenized sample is accurately weighed and subjected to controlled enzymatic digestion to remove digestible starch and protein while retaining nondigestible dietary-fiber components. The procedure uses the enzyme sequence and digestion conditions prescribed by AOAC 2009.01, including enzymatic treatment for starch hydrolysis and protein removal. The high-molecular-weight dietary-fiber fraction is recovered by ethanol precipitation and gravimetric isolation, with appropriate corrections for residual protein and ash. The soluble low-molecular-weight dietary-fiber fraction remaining in the filtrate is recovered and quantified by liquid chromatography in accordance with the method, using qualified carbohydrate standards and validated calculation procedures. The gravimetric and chromatographic components are combined to calculate Total Dietary Fiber. Reagent blanks, duplicate sample preparations, method controls, calibration or response-verification standards, and applicable certified reference materials are included to confirm digestion performance, recovery, precision, and calculation accuracy.
AOAC 2009.01 is particularly valuable for contemporary fiber-containing products because older gravimetric dietary-fiber methods may not fully capture resistant starch and lower-molecular-weight nondigestible oligosaccharides. By combining enzymatic digestion, gravimetric measurement, and liquid-chromatographic determination, the method provides a more inclusive Total Dietary Fiber value consistent with the CODEX-aligned analytical framework. This supports nutritional labeling, product formulation, supplier qualification, and verification of total-fiber claims, subject to the applicable jurisdiction’s labeling requirements. The total-only format is appropriate when a complete TDF value is required without separate soluble and insoluble fiber declarations.
This assay quantifies resistant dietary fiber using AOAC 2011.25, an official enzymatic-gravimetric method for total dietary fiber analysis. Resistant fiber resists digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and contributes to a product's total fiber content, an increasingly important label claim across foods and supplements. Results are reported as % w/w or grams per serving.
A representative sample undergoes sequential enzymatic digestion to simulate normal digestion, followed by isolation and quantification of the resistant fiber fraction per AOAC 2011.25. Results are calculated gravimetrically, with corrections for protein and ash content, and confirmed against reference materials and duplicate analyses.
AOAC 2011.25 is the recognized official method for total dietary fiber determination, ensuring results are standardized and defensible for nutrition labeling. This method supports accurate fiber claims and regulatory compliance.
This assay quantifies dietary fiber using AOAC 2001.03 with AOAC 991.43 enzymatic digestion. The method measures total dietary fiber and differentiates soluble and insoluble fractions, including resistant FOS that are not digested in the small intestine.
Samples undergo enzymatic digestion per AOAC 991.43 to simulate human digestion, followed by gravimetric and chromatographic determination according to AOAC 2001.03. Soluble and insoluble fiber fractions are isolated and quantified, then combined to calculate total dietary fiber. Quality controls and method blanks ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Testing verifies nutrition facts labeling, supports fiber-related claims, and ensures compliance with FDA and international dietary fiber definitions.
This assay quantifies total dietary fiber—including both soluble and insoluble fractions—in food samples. It mimics human digestion by enzymatically removing starch and protein, leaving behind fiber fractions that are then separated and measured. This method provides a comprehensive fiber profile for nutritional labeling and product formulation.
The sample is treated sequentially with α‑amylase, protease, and amyloglucosidase to remove digestible components. Insoluble fiber is collected by filtration, while soluble fiber is precipitated with ethanol. Both fractions are washed, dried, and weighed, then corrected for residual protein and ash content. Calibration and duplicate tests ensure robustness.
Results are reported as grams of fiber per 100 g of product (or as a percentage), and may be divided into soluble and insoluble fractions. Consistent fiber values support nutritional claims, while variations may indicate changes in formulation or processing efficiency.
This test quantifies dihydroberberine, a hydrogenated form of berberine with improved bioavailability, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It is applicable to raw botanical materials and finished dietary supplements such as capsules and powders. The method provides precise measurement down to 0.1% w/w, ensuring product consistency and label accuracy.
Samples are prepared by extracting 0.5 g of material with methanol using sonication for 30 minutes, followed by filtration. The extract is injected into an HPLC system equipped with a C18 column and UV detection at 345 nm. Separation of dihydroberberine from berberine and other alkaloids is achieved using a gradient mobile phase of water and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. Quantification is performed against a certified dihydroberberine reference standard using a five-point calibration curve. Method precision is verified through duplicate injections and spike recovery tests at multiple concentration levels.
Testing confirms label claims, verifies ingredient purity, and ensures consistency across metabolic-support formulations.
This test quantifies dihydromyricetin (DHM), a bioactive flavonoid known for its antioxidant properties, in raw materials and finished botanical products such as powders and capsules. The assay employs High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection to provide precise measurement of DHM content, reported in mg per gram of sample. Accurate DHM quantification supports quality control and standardization of botanical ingredients and supplements.
Samples are prepared by extracting 0.5 g of powdered material with 10 mL of 70% methanol using sonication for 30 minutes, followed by filtration. The extract is injected into an HPLC system equipped with a C18 reversed-phase column and UV detection set at 290 nm. Separation is achieved using a gradient elution of water and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid over 30 minutes. Quantification is performed using an external calibration curve constructed from certified DHM reference standards ranging from 1 to 100 µg/mL. Method precision and accuracy are verified through duplicate injections, quality control samples, and spike recovery tests.
Results are reported in mg/g (raw materials) or mg/serving (finished products). Testing verifies standardized potency, confirms product label claims, and ensures consistent quality across botanical and antioxidant formulations.
This test quantifies ellagic acid — a naturally occurring polyphenolic dilactone formed from the hydrolysis of ellagitannins and found in a wide range of botanicals including pomegranate (Punica granatum), red raspberries (Rubus idaeus), strawberries (Fragaria spp.), walnuts (Juglans regia), and oak-aged materials — in raw materials, fruit extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Ellagic acid is used as a key potency marker for pomegranate and berry extracts standardized to ellagic acid content, and is increasingly recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and gut microbiome-modulating properties. Accurate quantification is essential for label claim substantiation and for confirming that the declared ellagic acid content is present in standardized botanical extracts. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate solvent system (e.g., aqueous methanol or dimethyl sulfoxide/methanol) to ensure complete dissolution of ellagic acid, which has limited solubility in purely aqueous solvents. Where the sample contains ellagitannins that may contribute to total ellagic acid upon hydrolysis, an optional acid hydrolysis step (e.g., using dilute hydrochloric acid under reflux) may be applied to convert ellagitannins to free ellagic acid prior to HPLC analysis, with results reported as free ellagic acid or total ellagic acid equivalents as appropriate. The extract is filtered and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column with UV detection at 254 nm, the characteristic absorption maximum of ellagic acid's extended aromatic chromophore. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified ellagic acid reference standard. Quality control samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy, precision, and linearity throughout the analytical run.
Ellagic acid's extended aromatic chromophore provides strong UV absorption at 254 nm, making HPLC with UV detection a sensitive and specific method for its quantification without the need for derivatization. Chromatographic separation on a C18 column resolves ellagic acid from co-occurring polyphenols — including ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids — present in pomegranate and berry extracts, ensuring that potency results reflect ellagic acid content specifically. The option to include an acid hydrolysis step enables reporting of total ellagic acid equivalents (free ellagic acid plus ellagitannin-derived ellagic acid), which is the most commonly used potency specification for pomegranate extracts standardized to ellagic acid. This method supports label claim substantiation, raw material qualification, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.
This assay quantifies erythritol, a non-caloric sugar alcohol used in keto, diabetic-friendly, and reduced-sugar products. Using HPLC, it determines erythritol content to verify label accuracy, assess total sweetener load, and ensure compliance with “sugar-free” or “no added sugar” claims—especially in light of growing regulatory and health scrutiny.
Samples are extracted in water or dilute acid and filtered before analysis. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with refractive index detection (or UV, depending on matrix). Quantification is performed using high-purity erythritol standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate runs to ensure accuracy.
Results are reported in g/100 g, g/100 mL, or per serving. The values are compared against formulation targets and declared nutrition label values. Testing confirms appropriate use of natural sweeteners and provides transparency in formulations marketed for metabolic health.
This test quantifies eurycomanone — the primary bioactive quassinoid found in Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) root — in raw materials and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Eurycomanone is widely recognized as the key marker compound responsible for the herb's traditional use in supporting male vitality, energy, and hormonal balance. Accurate quantification ensures that the botanical extract meets its standardized potency and delivers the expected physiological benefits. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per serving to verify label claims and support cGMP compliance.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate solvent, such as aqueous methanol or water, often aided by sonication or reflux to ensure complete dissolution of the quassinoids. The extract is filtered and analyzed via reversed-phase HPLC equipped with a UV or Photodiode Array (PDA) detector, typically monitored at approximately 238 nm. Quantification is performed by comparing the eurycomanone peak area in the sample against a multi-point calibration curve generated from a certified eurycomanone reference standard. Quality control measures, including blank injections and check standards, are run concurrently to ensure method accuracy and precision.
Tongkat Ali is a highly sought-after botanical ingredient that is frequently subject to economically motivated adulteration, including substitution with inferior species or spiking with synthetic compounds. Quantifying eurycomanone via HPLC provides a highly specific and accurate measure of the extract's true potency and authenticity, distinguishing genuine Eurycoma longifolia from adulterated or low-quality materials. This rigorous testing is essential for brand protection, consumer safety, and meeting strict regulatory requirements for dietary supplement identity and strength under 21 CFR 111.
This test quantifies eurypeptides — the bioactive peptide fraction characteristic of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) root extract — using either the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) fluorometric assay or the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) colorimetric assay, both of which measure total peptide and protein content as a proxy for eurypeptide concentration. Eurypeptides are the primary standardization marker used to define the potency of Tongkat Ali extracts, and their concentration is directly associated with the extract's adaptogenic and testosterone-supporting bioactivity. Results are reported as a percentage of eurypeptide content relative to extract weight to support label claim verification and cGMP compliance.
A representative sample is weighed and dissolved in a dilute aqueous buffer to prepare a homogeneous solution. For the OPA assay, the sample solution is reacted with the o-phthalaldehyde reagent in the presence of a reducing agent, and fluorescence is measured at an excitation/emission of approximately 340/455 nm. For the BCA assay, the sample is reacted with bicinchoninic acid and copper sulfate at elevated temperature, and absorbance is measured at 562 nm. In both cases, quantification is performed against a multi-point calibration curve prepared from a certified peptide or protein reference standard (typically bovine serum albumin or a defined peptide standard). Results are expressed as percentage eurypeptides relative to the initial sample weight.
Eurypeptide content is the defining potency marker for Tongkat Ali extract and is the standard by which premium extracts are graded and marketed (e.g., 22% eurypeptides). Both the OPA and BCA assays are well-established, validated methods for total peptide quantification and are appropriate for this application given the peptidic nature of the target analytes. The choice between OPA (fluorometric, higher sensitivity) and BCA (colorimetric, broader dynamic range) depends on the expected concentration range and matrix characteristics of the sample.
Nutritional profile assay that characterizes the fatty acid composition by converting lipids into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and analyzing them via gas chromatography. It provides a detailed breakdown of saturates, monounsaturates, polyunsaturates, and trans fats for accurate nutritional labeling and quality control.
Lipids are extracted from the sample and converted into FAMEs via acid or base-catalyzed esterification. The resulting FAMEs are analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Retention times and peak areas are compared to known standards, with duplicate runs and internal standards ensuring accuracy.
Results are reported as percentage composition of individual fatty acids relative to total fat. These percentages help assess nutritional quality, verify authenticity, and support compliance with labeling claims.
Nutritional profile assay that characterizes the fatty acid composition by converting lipids into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and analyzing them via gas chromatography. It provides a detailed breakdown of saturates, monounsaturates, polyunsaturates, and trans fats for accurate nutritional labeling and quality control.
Lipids are extracted from the sample and converted into FAMEs via acid or base-catalyzed esterification. The resulting FAMEs are analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Retention times and peak areas are compared to known standards, with duplicate runs and internal standards ensuring accuracy.
Results are reported as percentage composition of individual fatty acids relative to total fat. These percentages help assess nutritional quality, verify authenticity, and support compliance with labeling claims.
This assay measures fructans, including inulin-type oligosaccharides, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index detection (HPLC-RI). The method provides accurate quantification of fructan polymers across raw materials and finished products.
Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated HPLC-RI chromatographic conditions. Fructan fractions are separated based on molecular size and quantified against certified reference standards. Calibration curves and replicate injections ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Testing verifies fiber content claims, supports prebiotic labeling, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency.
This assay quantifies gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a naturally occurring inhibitory neurotransmitter used in calming, sleep, and mood-support supplements. Using LC-MS/MS, it verifies GABA content in capsules, powders, and functional beverages to confirm label claims and ensure consistent therapeutic dosing.
Samples are extracted using aqueous or acidified solvents and analyzed by LC-MS/MS with compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified GABA standards with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision and reproducibility.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and declared label claims to confirm active content and detect degradation or underformulation.
This panel quantifies major bioactive compounds in ginger, including gingerols and shogaols. Using HPLC, it measures six key analytes—6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol, and 10-shogaol—to verify potency, support standardization, and ensure label accuracy in functional foods, extracts, and digestive supplements.
Samples are extracted using alcohol-based solvents under light- and heat-controlled conditions. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at compound-specific wavelengths. Quantification is performed using certified standards for each gingerol and shogaol, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure accuracy.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving for each compound. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm active content, assess extract quality, and detect degradation due to heat or improper storage.
This panel quantifies the primary gingerol compounds found in ginger root: 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol. Using HPLC, it measures each compound individually and calculates total gingerols to support standardization in functional foods, herbal extracts, and digestive health supplements.
Samples are extracted with alcohol-based solvents under temperature- and light-controlled conditions. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a compound-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified gingerol standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections for precision.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving for each compound and total gingerols. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to verify potency, support consistency, and detect degradation or variability in botanical source material.
This test confirms the botanical identity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in raw materials and finished products using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). HPTLC produces a characteristic chromatographic fingerprint based on ginger's bioactive gingerol and shogaol compounds, which is compared against a certified Zingiber officinale reference standard to confirm species authenticity and detect substitution or adulteration. Results are reported as confirmed identity or non-conforming.
A representative sample is extracted using methanol or ethanol and applied alongside a certified ginger reference standard onto an HPTLC silica gel plate using an automated applicator. The plate is developed in a validated solvent system, dried, and derivatized with a detection reagent such as anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid or vanillin-sulfuric acid to visualize the characteristic gingerol and shogaol marker bands. The resulting fingerprint is compared visually and by densitometric scanning to the reference standard pattern. Identity is confirmed when the sample fingerprint matches the reference in terms of Rf values, band positions, and color profile, per established HPTLC botanical identity methods.
Ginger is a high-volume botanical ingredient subject to adulteration with related Zingiberaceae species or dilution with non-botanical fillers. HPTLC identity testing provides a rapid, cost-effective, and scientifically defensible confirmation of botanical species, supporting supplier qualification, label accuracy, and compliance with cGMP identity testing requirements under 21 CFR 111.
This assay quantifies eight major ginsenosides — the primary bioactive saponins responsible for the adaptogenic, cognitive, and immune-supporting properties attributed to ginseng — using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ginsenosides are dammarane-type triterpene saponins found in the roots, stems, and leaves of Panax ginseng and related species such as Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), and their relative proportions vary meaningfully by species, growing region, and root age, making ingredient-level verification important for accurate label claims. Results are reported in mg/g for each of the eight target ginsenosides.
A representative sample is weighed and extracted with an aqueous methanol or ethanol solvent system, typically with sonication or reflux, to solubilize the polar ginsenoside saponins. The extract is cleaned up and separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, then detected by tandem mass spectrometry using compound-specific multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions for each of the eight target ginsenosides. Analyte concentrations are calculated against calibration curves built from certified reference standards, with system suitability checks, replicate injections, and spike-recovery QC confirming method accuracy.
Ginsenosides share a common dammarane triterpene backbone and differ only in subtle sugar-group substitutions, making them difficult to resolve from one another and easy to obscure through dilution with lower-value ginseng extracts or fillers. LC-MS/MS provides the chromatographic separation and mass-based selectivity needed to accurately identify and quantify each ginsenoside individually, supporting label-claim substantiation under 21 CFR 111 dietary supplement cGMP requirements.
This panel quantitatively analyzes eight major ginsenosides—Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, and Rg2—in Panax ginseng extracts, powders, and supplements. Using LC‑MS/MS, it provides detailed profiling for quality control, authenticity verification, and label compliance in adaptogenic and longevity-focused formulations.
Samples are extracted using methanol–water solvent under controlled conditions. The extract is analyzed by LC‑MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions optimized for each ginsenoside. Quantification uses certified reference standards and internal standard correction, with duplicate injections ensuring precision. Calibration spans ~0.5–200 ng/mL for each analyte
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving for each compound and total ginsenosides. Values are compared to botanical standardization targets and label claims to confirm extract potency, detect adulteration, and ensure consistency across batches.
This assay quantifies glucosamine, a key structural compound used in joint support supplements, typically in the form of glucosamine sulfate or glucosamine HCl. Using LC-MS/MS, it confirms active content in capsules, tablets, and powders to support label accuracy and formulation consistency.
Samples are extracted in aqueous solution and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified glucosamine standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to label claims and formulation targets to confirm proper dosing and detect possible degradation or underformulation.
This assay quantifies reduced glutathione (GSH), the bioactive form of glutathione, in oral supplements including standard capsules, powders, and liposomal products. Using HPLC, it verifies glutathione potency and ensures that the compound is present in its reduced, effective form—critical for products marketed for detoxification, oxidative stress, and skin health.
Samples are extracted under light- and oxygen-protected conditions to prevent oxidation. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with detection at a compound-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using high-purity reduced glutathione standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure accuracy.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared with formulation targets and label claims. Testing confirms glutathione stability and bioactive content, and helps validate antioxidant and detox claims while detecting potential degradation or oxidation over time.
This assay measures characteristic grape seed marker compounds using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analysis typically targets proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and related polyphenols to confirm ingredient identity and standardized active content.
Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated LC-MS/MS chromatographic conditions. Target grape seed markers are detected using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and quantified against certified reference standards. Internal calibration and quality control checks ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Testing verifies authenticity, supports label claims (e.g., OPC content), and ensures batch-to-batch consistency in grape seed–based formulations.
This assay measures characteristic green tea marker compounds using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analysis typically targets catechins and related polyphenols to confirm ingredient identity and standardized active content.
Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated LC-MS/MS chromatographic conditions. Target green tea markers are detected using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and quantified against certified reference standards. Internal calibration and quality controls ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Testing verifies authenticity, supports label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency in green tea–based formulations.
This test quantifies hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside and the predominant bioactive polyphenol found in citrus peel and citrus-derived extracts, in dietary supplements and raw materials using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). Hesperidin is widely used in supplements for its studied effects on vascular integrity, circulation, and antioxidant activity, and its concentration serves as the primary potency and standardization marker for citrus bioflavonoid ingredients. Results are reported in mg per serving or as a percentage of extract weight to support label claim verification and cGMP compliance.
A representative sample is weighed and extracted using a methanol or ethanol-water solvent system with sonication or heating to ensure complete solubilization of hesperidin from the matrix. The extract is filtered, diluted to volume, and injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column. Detection is performed by UV at approximately 280–284 nm, and quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified hesperidin reference standard. System suitability and QC samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy and reproducibility across the analytical run.
Hesperidin is the primary bioactive marker used to define the potency of citrus bioflavonoid extracts, and accurate quantification is essential for verifying standardization levels and substantiating label claims. HPLC-UV provides the selectivity needed to resolve hesperidin from structurally related flavonoids — including narirutin, naringenin, and diosmin — that are commonly co-present in citrus extracts, ensuring reliable potency data for both raw material qualification and finished product release testing.
This test quantifies Huperzine A, a bioactive alkaloid, in raw materials, capsules, and finished products using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Accurate measurement of Huperzine A ensures product quality and label accuracy. The method achieves detection limits suitable for trace-level quantification, typically reported in mg/g or ppm.
Samples are prepared by solvent extraction using methanol to isolate Huperzine A from the matrix. The extract is filtered and injected into an HPLC system equipped with a reversed-phase C18 column. Detection is performed using UV absorbance at 310 nm, where Huperzine A exhibits strong absorption. Quantification is achieved by comparing peak areas to a calibration curve constructed from certified Huperzine A reference standards. Method accuracy is verified through duplicate injections, spiked recovery tests, and inclusion of quality control samples.
Results are reported in µg/g (raw material) or µg/serving (finished products). Testing verifies standardized potency, ensures raw material authenticity, and supports product quality and consistency.
This assay quantifies hyaluronic acid (HA), a polysaccharide naturally present in connective tissues and widely used for hydration, elasticity, and joint health applications. Testing ensures ingredient authenticity and confirms standardized HA content in raw materials and finished products.
Samples are analyzed under validated laboratory conditions to determine total hyaluronic acid concentration. Certified reference materials and quality controls are used to ensure accurate and reproducible results.
Results are reported in mg/g (raw materials) or mg/serving (finished products). Testing verifies label claims, supports product consistency, and confirms the purity and potency of sodium hyaluronate-containing formulations.
This assay quantifies hydroxyproline, a specific amino acid used as a marker for collagen content in food or tissue samples. Collagen plays a key role in the texture and nutritional profile of products like gelatin and meat, making its measurement vital for quality control and formulation verification.
Samples are hydrolyzed under controlled conditions to release hydroxyproline from collagen. The hydrolysate is filtered and injected into an HPLC system, where hydroxyproline is separated and detected (often via UV). Calibration with known standards and duplicate injections ensure that the method yields accurate and reproducible results.
Results are expressed in mg per unit weight. Higher hydroxyproline content indicates greater collagen presence, aligning with expected levels in products designed to be rich in collagen. Deviations can signal issues in raw material quality or processing efficiency.
This assay quantifies immunoglobulin A (IgA) using an ELISA specific for bovine or human IgA. It is commonly used in colostrum, dairy proteins, and immunonutrition products.
Samples are extracted and analyzed using a sandwich ELISA with IgA-specific antibodies. Results are determined against a certified standard curve with internal controls.
Results are reported in mg/g or mg per serving. Used to validate immune-related label claims and ingredient potency.
This assay quantifies Immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant antibody isotype, in colostrum powders, bovine plasma fractions, and immunonutrition products. Using HPLC, it verifies IgG concentration to ensure potency, standardization, and compliance with label claims for immune health products.
Samples are prepared in buffered aqueous solution and analyzed by HPLC using size-exclusion or affinity chromatography, with UV detection at a protein-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified IgG reference standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections for precision.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to specification targets and label claims to confirm IgG content, detect dilution, and ensure immunological activity across batches.
This test measures the concentration of immunoglobulin M (IgM), an important immune system protein, in dairy products and functional powders using a specific ELISA method. Accurate quantification of IgM helps ensure product quality and bioactivity. The assay provides results in micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) with a detection limit suitable for low-level IgM detection in complex matrices.
Samples are prepared by extracting IgM into a buffered solution optimized for protein stability. The extract is analyzed using a sandwich ELISA, where monoclonal antibodies specific to IgM capture and detect the protein. Colorimetric detection is performed at 450 nm, and quantification is achieved via a calibration curve generated from known IgM standards. Each run includes duplicate sample measurements, quality control samples, and spike recovery tests to validate accuracy and precision.
Results are reported in mg/g or per serving. This confirms the presence of immune-active fractions in colostrum and dairy products.
This assay quantifies total inositol content—including the most bioactive isomer, myo-inositol—using LC-MS/MS. It is commonly used in supplements for hormonal health, fertility, and neurological support, and helps confirm potency in single-ingredient and blended formulations.
Samples are extracted in aqueous solution and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed with certified inositol standards, internal standard correction, and duplicate injections to ensure accurate, reproducible results.
Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to declared label claims and formulation targets to verify dosing accuracy and detect adulteration or degradation.
This test confirms the identity of Irish sea moss (Chondrus crispus Stackhouse) in raw materials, dried thallus powders, extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Chondrus crispus, commonly known as Irish moss or carrageen moss, is a red macroalgae (Rhodophyta) native to the rocky Atlantic coastlines of Europe and North America, widely used in dietary supplements for its rich content of carrageenan-type sulfated polysaccharides, iodine, trace minerals, and bioactive pigments including phycoerythrin and carotenoids. HPTLC identity testing generates a characteristic chromatographic fingerprint that is compared against an authenticated C. crispus reference standard to confirm species identity and detect potential adulteration or substitution with other red algae species — particularly Eucheuma spp. and Kappaphycus spp., which are commonly sold as "sea moss" but are botanically and chemically distinct from authentic Chondrus crispus.
A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate solvent system (e.g., methanol or aqueous ethanol) to capture the characteristic secondary metabolite and pigment profile of C. crispus, including phycoerythrin-derived chromophores, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. The extract is applied alongside a certified C. crispus reference standard and, where applicable, potential adulterant extracts (e.g., Eucheuma cottonii, Kappaphycus alvarezii), onto an HPTLC silica gel plate using an automated sample applicator. The plate is developed in a validated solvent system optimized to resolve the characteristic marker compounds of C. crispus. After development, the plate is evaluated under white light and UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm, and may be further derivatized with an appropriate reagent for enhanced visualization of phenolic and pigment constituents. The resulting fingerprint pattern is compared visually and, where applicable, by densitometric analysis to the authenticated reference standard in accordance with established HPTLC identity testing guidelines.
The market for Irish sea moss supplements has grown rapidly, accompanied by widespread mislabeling and substitution of authentic Chondrus crispus with tropical red algae species — primarily Eucheuma and Kappaphycus species — that are botanically unrelated and differ significantly in their phytochemical composition, mineral content, and carrageenan type. HPTLC fingerprinting provides a holistic, multi-compound chromatographic identity confirmation that distinguishes authentic C. crispus from these common substitutes based on differences in their secondary metabolite and pigment profiles, enabling detection of adulteration that would not be apparent from visual inspection or mineral content testing alone. This method aligns with USP botanical identity testing guidelines and supports cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111, ensuring that only correctly identified raw materials are used in finished products.
This panel measures total isothiocyanates using a cyclocondensation reaction followed by HPLC-UV detection. It is commonly used to assess bioactive compounds like sulforaphane in broccoli, kale, and other Brassica-based ingredients.
Samples are reacted with 1,2-benzenedithiol to form a measurable chromophore specific to isothiocyanate groups. The resulting derivative is separated and quantified using HPLC with UV detection. Certified standards and internal calibration curves are used, with duplicate runs to ensure precision.
Results are reported in µmol/g or mg per g. Values are compared to label claims or known reference ranges for Brassica extracts to confirm potency and ingredient quality.
Heavy metals
Proposition 65 has driven a surge in lawsuits over heavy metals in food and supplements. Failing to comply can cost up to $2,500 per day. Proactive testing helps you stay compliant and protect your brand.
Glyphosate
Glyphosate exposure has risen 500% since the introduction of GMO crops. While many consumers are initially unaware, 93% express concern once informed. Testing for glyphosate shows your commitment to safety and builds trust.
Phthalates
Phthalates—plastic-linked chemicals tied to hormone disruption—are found in nearly all tested fast and supermarket foods. With nearly half of global consumers highly concerned about their health, testing for phthalates shows your commitment to safety and aligns with rising wellness priorities.
BPA/BPS
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitute BPS, found in many food packaging materials, are linked to reproductive toxicity. With BPS added to California’s Prop 65 list in 2023 and enforcement underway, ensuring your products are BPA- and BPS-free supports compliance and meets consumer demand for safer options.