Contaminants testing

This assay quantifies 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a chlorinated phenoxy herbicide widely used in crop and turf management. Monitoring 2,4-D ensures compliance with EPA, FDA, and international residue limits.

Samples are extracted and analyzed using validated chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods appropriate to the matrix type. Internal standards and calibration curves ensure accurate quantitation and reproducibility.

Results are reported in µg/kg (solids) or µg/L (liquids). Testing verifies regulatory compliance, detects environmental contamination, and ensures safety of consumable products.

This assay quantifies acetaldehyde, a volatile organic compound that can occur naturally during fermentation or be introduced through processing. Using GC-MS, it detects trace levels of acetaldehyde in food, beverage, supplement, and raw material samples to ensure safety, quality, and compliance with international limits.

Samples are prepared via headspace or liquid injection and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method uses compound-specific retention times and mass spectra for identification, with quantification performed against certified acetaldehyde standards. Internal standard correction and duplicate injections are applied to ensure precision.

Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg) or mg/L depending on the matrix. Values are compared to regulatory thresholds (e.g., FDA, EFSA, or Codex) and internal specifications to confirm compliance and detect any off-flavor or potential safety issues.

This assay measures acrylamide—a heat-induced contaminant formed when sugars and amino acids react during high-temperature processing such as frying, baking, or roasting. It employs LC‑MS/MS to achieve high sensitivity, enabling detection in the low ppb range. The validated protocol ensures that extraction, cleanup, and detection overcome complex food matrix interferences, helping manufacturers optimize processing conditions to minimize acrylamide formation.

Food samples are homogenized and extracted with a solvent optimized for acrylamide recovery. After cleanup via solid-phase extraction, the extract is analyzed by LC‑MS/MS where liquid chromatography separates acrylamide and tandem mass spectrometry quantifies it using characteristic mass transitions. Calibration with certified standards and internal controls is used to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported as a numerical concentration (ppb or µg/kg). Lower values indicate minimal acrylamide formation, while higher readings signal potential process issues that may require adjustment. The data allow for batch-to-batch comparison and process optimization.

This test simultaneously detects and quantifies four aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) and ochratoxin A in dietary supplements, botanical raw materials, grains, and food products using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus species, with aflatoxin B1 classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen by the IARC. Ochratoxin A, produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species, is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin with probable carcinogenic activity. This combined panel provides comprehensive mycotoxin screening against regulatory limits set by the FDA, EU, and USP <2023>. Results are reported in µg/kg (ppb).

A representative sample is homogenized and extracted using an acetonitrile-water or methanol-water solvent system, followed by a cleanup step using immunoaffinity columns (IAC) or dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) to remove co-extractives and concentrate the mycotoxin fraction. The purified extract is injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ionization Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. Specific precursor-to-product ion transitions are monitored for each of the five mycotoxins simultaneously. Quantification is performed against a multi-point calibration curve prepared from certified mycotoxin reference standards, with stable isotope-labeled internal standards used for each analyte to correct for matrix effects and ensure accurate recovery. The method is validated across relevant food and botanical matrices.

Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A are among the most regulated and toxicologically significant mycotoxins in the dietary supplement and food industries, and their simultaneous detection in a single LC-MS/MS run provides both analytical efficiency and comprehensive coverage of the most critical mycotoxin risk profile. LC-MS/MS is the gold standard for mycotoxin analysis, offering the sensitivity to detect analytes at sub-ppb levels and the specificity to confirm identity through dual MRM transitions — meeting the evidentiary requirements of FDA, EU Regulation 1881/2006, and USP <2023> for mycotoxin control in herbal and dietary supplement ingredients.

This assay quantifies alkalinity by determining the concentration of bases (primarily bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxides) that neutralize acids in the sample. The result reflects the buffering capacity of the product.

Samples are titrated with a standard acid solution to a defined pH endpoint. The volume of acid consumed is used to calculate total alkalinity, expressed relative to calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Duplicate titrations and calibration standards ensure accuracy.

Results are reported in mg/L (as CaCO₃) or converted to mg/serving for finished products. Monitoring alkalinity verifies water and beverage quality, ensures process consistency, and helps maintain product stability.

This LC-MS/MS panel detects prescription erectile dysfunction drugs and their analogs that are frequently found in adulterated male enhancement products. These compounds pose serious health risks and are strictly prohibited in dietary supplements sold on Amazon or in the U.S. market.

Samples are extracted in organic solvent and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified pharmaceutical standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure accurate, trace-level detection.

Results are reported as detected/not detected, with optional quantification in ng/g or ppm. This panel protects consumers and ensures products comply with Amazon and FDA regulations by identifying illegal PDE5 inhibitors or unapproved analogs.

This LC-MS/MS panel detects undeclared and prohibited pharmaceutical compounds commonly found in adulterated weight loss products. It targets banned substances that have been flagged by the FDA and Amazon due to serious health risks, including sibutramine and its metabolites, stimulant adulterants, and prescription drugs misused in slimming formulations.

Samples are extracted in methanol or aqueous solvents and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified reference standards for each compound, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure sensitivity and accuracy at trace levels.

Results are reported in ng/g or detected/not detected format. The panel ensures compliance with Amazon’s dietary supplement listing policies and FDA safety guidelines, helping brands avoid product delisting, consumer harm, or regulatory action.

This test detects and quantifies benzene — a volatile aromatic hydrocarbon classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) — in dietary supplements, food products, and raw materials using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Benzene can be present in products as a residual solvent from manufacturing processes, as a degradation product of benzoate preservatives under certain conditions, or as an environmental contaminant. Given its well-established carcinogenicity with no safe threshold for genotoxic effects, benzene testing is a critical component of product safety evaluation. Results are reported in parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb), with comparison to applicable regulatory limits.

A representative sample is prepared using headspace extraction or purge-and-trap techniques to isolate volatile benzene from the sample matrix without introducing non-volatile interferences. Headspace samples are generated by equilibrating the sample in a sealed vial at a defined temperature and time, and the headspace vapor is injected directly onto a GC capillary column (typically a non-polar or low-polarity column such as DB-624 or equivalent). Detection is performed by mass spectrometry in full scan or selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, with benzene identified by its characteristic ions (m/z 78 as the molecular ion, m/z 77 as the primary qualifier). Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified benzene reference standard, with an isotopically labeled internal standard (e.g., benzene-d6) added prior to extraction to correct for matrix effects and recovery variability. Method blanks and positive controls are analyzed concurrently to monitor for contamination and confirm method performance.

Benzene is a potent genotoxic carcinogen with no established safe level of exposure, and its presence in consumer products — even at trace levels — represents a significant public health concern. The FDA has issued guidance recommending that benzene levels in drug products not exceed 2 ppm, and similar scrutiny is increasingly applied to dietary supplements. GC-MS with headspace extraction is the method of choice for benzene analysis due to its high sensitivity for volatile organic compounds, its ability to unambiguously confirm benzene identity via mass spectral matching, and its resistance to matrix interference from non-volatile sample components. This test is essential for residual solvent screening, benzoate-containing product safety evaluation, and comprehensive contaminant profiling.

This assay screens for Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S—chemicals used in plastic production that may leach into food products. The method extracts these compounds from complex matrices and quantifies them using LC‑MS/MS. It is critical for monitoring potential endocrine disruptors from packaging materials.

Samples are extracted using an optimized solvent system and cleaned up (often via solid-phase extraction) to reduce matrix interference. The cleaned extract is analyzed by LC‑MS/MS, where separation and detection occur via specific mass transitions. Calibration with certified standards and internal controls ensures reliable quantification.

Results are expressed in µg/kg. Non-detectable or very low levels indicate minimal chemical migration, whereas any measurable amount is significant due to the low safety thresholds. The data enable manufacturers to evaluate packaging materials and process controls.

This test detects and quantifies cereulide — a cyclic dodecadepsipeptide emetic toxin produced by toxigenic strains of Bacillus cereus — in food, dietary supplement ingredients, and finished products using Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in accordance with ISO/DIS 18465 (Microbiology of the food chain — Determination of emetic Bacillus cereus using cereulide production). Cereulide is a potent, heat-stable, protease-resistant toxin that causes rapid-onset emetic (vomiting) illness and is of particular concern in starchy, protein-rich, and lipid-containing dietary supplement matrices. Unlike many bacterial toxins, cereulide is not destroyed by standard food processing temperatures and cannot be eliminated by sterilization of contaminated materials, making direct toxin detection by LC-MS/MS the most reliable safety screening approach. Results are reported in micrograms per kilogram (µg/kg) with findings compared against applicable food safety action limits.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and subjected to extraction using an appropriate organic solvent system (e.g., acetonitrile/water or methanol) to isolate cereulide from the food matrix. The extract is purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) or liquid-liquid partitioning to remove interfering matrix components. An isotopically labeled cereulide internal standard is added prior to extraction to correct for matrix effects and recovery variability. The purified extract is analyzed by reversed-phase LC-MS/MS using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive ion mode, with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions selected for the characteristic precursor and product ions of cereulide and its potassium and sodium adducts. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified cereulide reference standard, in accordance with the ISO/DIS 18465 method requirements. Quality control samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy, precision, and detection limit performance.

Cereulide's heat and protease stability make it uniquely hazardous among bacterial food toxins, as it persists in food matrices even after the producing organism has been eliminated by heat treatment. LC-MS/MS with MRM detection is the method of choice for cereulide quantification as specified in ISO/DIS 18465, providing the compound-specific selectivity and sensitivity required to detect cereulide at toxicologically relevant concentrations in complex food and supplement matrices. This approach is superior to bioassay-based detection methods in terms of specificity, quantitative accuracy, and throughput, and supports food safety compliance, raw material qualification, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.

This test detects and quantifies chlormequat chloride, a quaternary ammonium plant growth regulator used in cereal grain agriculture, in food products, oat-based supplements, and raw materials using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chlormequat has recently been identified as a widespread contaminant in oat-based consumer products and has raised regulatory concern due to its potential effects on reproductive health and fetal development at elevated exposure levels. Results are reported in µg/kg (ppb) against established or emerging regulatory action levels.

A representative sample is homogenized and extracted using an aqueous acidic solvent or a modified QuEChERS extraction procedure optimized for quaternary ammonium compounds. The extract is clarified by centrifugation and filtered prior to injection onto a reversed-phase or mixed-mode ion-exchange HPLC column coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ionization Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. Specific precursor-to-product ion transitions characteristic of chlormequat are monitored for quantification and confirmation. Quantification is performed against a multi-point calibration curve prepared from a certified chlormequat reference standard, with a stable isotope-labeled internal standard used to correct for matrix effects and ensure accurate recovery across grain and oat-based matrices.

Chlormequat has emerged as a contaminant of significant public health interest following studies showing widespread detection in oat-based food products and human urine samples. Its potential to disrupt reproductive hormones and fetal development has prompted calls for regulatory limits, and proactive testing is increasingly expected by enterprise customers sourcing oat-based ingredients. LC-MS/MS is the method of choice due to the highly polar, low-UV-absorbing nature of this quaternary ammonium compound, providing the sensitivity and specificity required for reliable detection at ppb levels in complex food matrices.

This test detects and quantifies coumarin in dietary supplements, botanical extracts, and food products — particularly cinnamon-containing ingredients — using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Coumarin occurs naturally at high levels in Cassia cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and is subject to regulatory limits in the EU and other jurisdictions due to its potential hepatotoxic effects at elevated intake. This test supports compliance screening, raw material qualification, and safety assessment for cinnamon-based and coumarin-containing products. Results are reported in mg/kg (ppm).

A representative sample is homogenized and extracted using a methanol-water or acetonitrile-water solvent system with sonication. The clarified extract is filtered and injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ionization Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. Specific precursor-to-product ion transitions characteristic of coumarin are monitored for quantification and identity confirmation. Quantification is performed against a multi-point calibration curve prepared from a certified coumarin reference standard, with a stable isotope-labeled internal standard used to correct for matrix effects and ensure accurate recovery across botanical matrices.

Coumarin is a naturally occurring compound in Cassia cinnamon at levels that can exceed the EU tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.1 mg/kg body weight with regular consumption, making it a regulatory concern for cinnamon-based supplements and functional foods. LC-MS/MS provides the sensitivity and specificity required to quantify coumarin at the low ppm levels relevant to regulatory limits, distinguishing it from co-present coumarins and matrix components that may interfere with simpler HPLC-UV methods.

This assay quantifies cyanide, a toxic compound that can occur naturally in certain plants or as a byproduct of processing. Monitoring cyanide ensures that concentrations remain within safe, regulated limits and that detoxification or purification steps are effective.

Samples are analyzed for total cyanide content using validated analytical techniques suitable for the product matrix. Quality control standards and calibration verification ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in mg/kg (solids) or µg/L (liquids). Testing ensures compliance with international safety limits, confirms raw material safety, and protects consumers from exposure to toxic levels of cyanide.

This assay quantifies dicamba, a benzoic acid herbicide commonly used for broadleaf weed control. Monitoring dicamba ensures compliance with EPA and international residue limits and verifies raw material integrity.

Samples are extracted and analyzed using validated chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques appropriate for herbicide residues. Calibration with certified standards and internal quality controls ensures accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in µg/kg (solids) or µg/L (liquids). Testing verifies regulatory compliance, prevents contamination in raw materials, and ensures product safety.

This assay quantifies diethylene glycol (DEG), a toxic solvent contaminant that may be present in raw materials such as glycerin, propylene glycol, or polyethylene glycol. Using LC-MS/MS, it detects trace levels of DEG in supplements, personal care products, and excipients to ensure safety and prevent regulatory violations.

Samples are extracted in aqueous or alcohol-based solvents and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed with certified DEG standards, internal standard correction, and duplicate injections to ensure precision and trace-level sensitivity.

Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg) or ppb. Values are assessed against international safety limits (e.g., USP, FDA, EMA) to confirm absence or compliant levels of DEG in finished products or raw materials.

This test quantifies ethanol concentration in liquids and semi-solid samples using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Accurate measurement of ethanol is critical for quality control in beverages, pharmaceuticals, and fermentation products. The method offers a detection limit as low as 0.01% (w/v) and reports results in percentage by volume or weight, depending on the sample matrix.

Samples are diluted with deionized water and spiked with an internal standard (e.g., propanol) to correct for variability. The prepared samples are injected into the GC-MS equipped with a headspace sampler to volatilize ethanol. Separation occurs on a capillary column with helium as the carrier gas, and ethanol is detected by its characteristic mass fragments in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Quantification is performed using a calibration curve generated from certified ethanol standards covering the expected concentration range. Method accuracy is verified through duplicate injections and spike recovery tests.

Results are reported in % v/v (liquids) or mg/g (solids). Testing verifies alcohol content for labeling accuracy, confirms compliance with regulatory limits, and ensures product uniformity.

This assay quantifies formaldehyde (HCHO) using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The method provides high sensitivity and specificity for detecting formaldehyde in complex matrices and trace concentrations.

Samples are derivatized to stabilize formaldehyde before injection into the GC-MS system. The derivatized compound is separated chromatographically and detected by mass spectrometry. Calibration with certified reference materials and internal standards ensures accuracy and precision.

Results are reported in mg/kg (solids) or mg/L (liquids). Testing verifies that formaldehyde levels meet global safety standards, identifies contamination or preservative residues, and supports product integrity and regulatory compliance.

This assay detects and quantifies glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in food products. These compounds are herbicide residues that may result from agricultural practices. The method uses LC‑MS/MS to achieve high sensitivity in complex matrices, ensuring that even low levels are accurately measured.

Samples are prepared using an extraction method optimized for glyphosate and AMPA, often involving acid digestion. The extract is cleaned up using solid-phase extraction and analyzed by LC‑MS/MS, where separation and detection are based on specific mass transitions. Calibration with standards and rigorous QC steps ensure accurate and reproducible measurements.

Results are reported in ppb. Lower levels indicate minimal residue presence, while higher levels may necessitate further investigation or process changes. The quantitative data support risk assessments and help ensure that products remain within safe residue limits.

This assay determines total hardness, which reflects the combined concentration of calcium and magnesium salts in a sample. Hardness impacts taste, stability, and suitability for use in formulations or as process water.

Samples are analyzed for calcium and magnesium content, and results are expressed as total hardness. Quality controls and reference standards are used to confirm accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are typically reported in mg/L as calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Monitoring hardness ensures compliance with water quality standards, protects equipment from scaling, and maintains consistent product quality.

This assay quantifies heavy metals—such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic—in food samples. It is designed to deliver precise measurements of these contaminants, which are monitored due to their potential toxicity. The robust method employs advanced instrumentation to detect trace levels in complex matrices.

Food samples undergo acid digestion to break down the matrix and release bound metals. The resulting solution is analyzed by an instrument (commonly ICP-MS) that separates and quantifies the metals based on their mass. Calibration with certified reference materials and inclusion of quality control samples ensure accuracy before final reporting.

Results are delivered as concentration values (ppb). Lower values are preferred, and any significant increase may prompt further investigation. The data allow manufacturers to assess overall product safety and track contaminant trends across batches.

This assay quantifies histamine, a biogenic amine associated with allergic reactions and spoilage in foods and supplements. Using LC-MS/MS, it detects histamine in functional ingredients, fermented products, fish-derived supplements, and low-histamine formulations to confirm label claims and ensure safety.

Samples are extracted using acidified aqueous solvents and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed with certified histamine standards, internal standard correction, and duplicate injections to ensure trace-level accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg) or mg per serving. Values are compared against formulation targets or safety thresholds (e.g., EFSA/FDA limits for histamine in foods) to validate compliance and detect unwanted accumulation during processing or storage.

This assay screens for C4 sugar adulteration in honey using 13C Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis (SIRA) by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS), following AOAC 998.12. The method distinguishes pure honey from honey adulterated with cane or corn syrups by measuring carbon isotope ratios.

Samples are prepared and analyzed by IRMS to determine δ13C values of honey and protein fractions. The difference between these values indicates whether C4 sugars (e.g., corn or cane sugar) have been added. This validated AOAC method is widely recognized for honey authenticity testing.

Results are reported as Pass/Fail (adulteration detected or not) and may include δ13C values and calculated differences. This test helps ensure compliance with purity standards, detect economic adulteration, and protect brand integrity.

This assay quantifies melamine, a nitrogen-rich industrial chemical that may be illegally added to artificially inflate protein content. Using LC-MS/MS, it detects trace levels of melamine in food, beverages, supplements, and raw materials to ensure compliance with FDA, EFSA, and Codex safety limits.

Samples are extracted with aqueous or acidified solvents and analyzed by LC-MS/MS with compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified melamine standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure sensitivity and reproducibility. This method allows detection at very low ppb levels suitable for regulatory compliance.

Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg) or ppb (µg/kg), depending on the matrix. Values are compared against international limits (e.g., Codex and FDA typically ≤ 1 ppm in infant formula, ≤ 2.5 ppm in other foods) to confirm safety and detect adulteration.

This assay measures the concentration of key microcystin variants — LR, RR, and YR — using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Microcystins are hepatotoxic cyclic peptides produced by cyanobacteria and are regulated in food, water, and dietary supplements due to their toxicity.

Samples are extracted and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Individual variants (LR, RR, YR) are separated, identified, and quantified against certified reference standards. The method allows high sensitivity and specificity for detecting microcystins even at trace levels.

Results are reported in µg/L (water, beverages) or µg/kg (solids), with the option to convert to µg/serving for finished products. Testing ensures compliance with WHO, EPA, and international safety limits, protects consumer health, and verifies product quality.

This assay identifies and quantifies microplastic particles in food samples. It targets small plastic fragments that may contaminate products through environmental exposure, helping manufacturers monitor and manage potential contamination.

Samples are processed to remove organic matter through digestion, then filtered to capture residual particles. The particles are analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify their polymer type based on absorption spectra. Calibration with plastic standards and quality control measures, including blank filters and replicate analyses, ensure reliable results.

Results are reported as particle counts per unit mass or as a mass concentration. Lower numbers indicate minimal contamination, while higher counts may signal environmental intrusion and require further investigation. The data help track contamination trends over time.

This assay identifies and quantifies microplastic particles in food samples. It targets small plastic fragments that may contaminate products through environmental exposure, helping manufacturers monitor and manage potential contamination.

Samples are processed to remove organic matter through digestion, then filtered to capture residual particles. The particles are analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify their polymer type based on absorption spectra. Calibration with plastic standards and quality control measures, including blank filters and replicate analyses, ensure reliable results.

Results are reported as particle counts per unit mass or as a mass concentration. Lower numbers indicate minimal contamination, while higher counts may signal environmental intrusion and require further investigation. The data help track contamination trends over time.

This assay identifies and quantifies microplastic particles in food samples. It targets small plastic fragments that may contaminate products through environmental exposure, helping manufacturers monitor and manage potential contamination.

Important:

Turnaround time for this test is typically 14 business days, but can extend to 21 business days depending on the complexity of the sample matrix.

Difficult matrices include fish, meat, jerky, cocoa, cinnamon, and other high-fiber or dense materials. These require careful multi-day digestion to preserve microplastic particles.

Because microplastics digestion is still an emerging process, we may not know if a matrix is challenging until it’s processed by the lab. We will make sure to give you the heads up and keep you in the loop if TAT is extended — and we’re actively working to bring this test in-house to reduce TAT and pricing over time.

Samples are processed to remove organic matter through digestion, then filtered to capture residual particles. The particles are analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify their polymer type based on absorption spectra. Calibration with plastic standards and quality control measures, including blank filters and replicate analyses, ensure reliable results.

Results are reported as particle counts per unit mass or as a mass concentration. Lower numbers indicate minimal contamination, while higher counts may signal environmental intrusion and require further investigation. The data help track contamination trends over time.

This assay evaluates samples under high magnification microscopy to identify structural, crystalline, or particulate features. Microscopy can reveal contaminants, confirm botanical or mineral identity, and provide qualitative quality-control insights.

Samples are examined using an Olympus BX51 microscope at 1000× magnification with differential interference contrast (DIC), phase contrast (PH), and polarizing light microscopy (PLM). Observations are documented and compared against reference standards when applicable.

Results are reported qualitatively, describing observed morphology, particle characteristics, or confirmation of expected features. Testing supports raw material verification, contamination checks, and visual QC.

This assay screens for mycotoxins—poisonous compounds produced by molds—in food products. It targets toxins such as aflatoxins and ochratoxin, which can pose serious health risks even at low levels. The method employs LC‑MS/MS for high sensitivity and specificity in complex matrices.

Samples are extracted using solvents optimized for mycotoxin recovery and cleaned up via immunoaffinity columns or other methods to remove interferences. The purified extract is analyzed by LC‑MS/MS, with each mycotoxin detected through specific mass transitions. Calibration with mycotoxin standards and internal quality control samples ensure reliable quantification.

Results are reported in ppb. Non-detect or very low levels indicate that mycotoxin contamination is minimal, while elevated values necessitate corrective action and further investigation. The data are critical for ensuring food safety and guiding product recalls if necessary.

This assay quantifies nitrate (NO₃⁻) ions in a sample using Ion Chromatography. Results reflect the concentration of nitrate, a naturally occurring compound that can accumulate through agricultural practices or environmental contamination.

Samples are filtered, diluted as necessary, and injected into an ion chromatograph. Anions are separated and nitrate is detected by conductivity with appropriate calibration standards. Quality controls confirm accuracy and precision of reported values.

Results are reported in mg/L (water, beverages) or mg/kg (solids) and can also be converted to mg/serving for finished products. Monitoring nitrate ensures compliance with drinking water standards, verifies label claims for nitrate-rich foods (e.g., beetroot), and helps assess product safety.

This assay quantifies nitrite (NO₂⁻), a reactive nitrogen species that can form naturally in foods or as a preservative byproduct. Monitoring nitrite helps assess product safety, prevent excess intake, and verify compliance with food and water regulations.

Samples are analyzed for nitrite content using validated analytical instrumentation with calibration against certified standards. Quality controls and duplicate runs ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in mg/L (water, beverages) or mg/kg (solids), with the option to convert to mg/serving for finished products. Testing confirms compliance with regulatory limits, supports label claims, and ensures consumer safety.

This test quantifies nitrite (NO₂⁻) in food products, dietary supplements, and raw materials using Ion Chromatography (IC). Nitrite is used as a preservative and curing agent in processed meat products and certain food formulations, where it inhibits bacterial growth and contributes to color and flavor development. However, nitrite at elevated levels is associated with the formation of N-nitrosamines, a class of potentially carcinogenic compounds, making accurate quantification and compliance with permitted use limits essential. IC provides highly specific and sensitive anion separation, enabling accurate nitrite quantification in complex food matrices. Results are reported in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), with comparison to applicable regulatory limits.

A representative sample is extracted in ultrapure water or a dilute aqueous buffer and filtered to remove particulates and matrix components that could interfere with the IC column. The clarified extract is injected onto an anion exchange IC column, where nitrite is separated from other anions — including nitrate, chloride, sulfate, and phosphate — based on differential ionic interactions with the stationary phase. Detection is performed by suppressed conductivity detection, which provides high sensitivity and a clean baseline for anion quantification. Nitrite is quantified against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified sodium nitrite reference standard. Quality control standards and method blanks are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy, precision, and absence of contamination.

Nitrite is a regulated food additive with strict maximum permitted levels established by the FDA (21 CFR 172.175) and the EU (EC No 1333/2008), and its accurate quantification is essential for compliance with these limits. Ion Chromatography is the preferred method for nitrite analysis due to its ability to simultaneously resolve nitrite from nitrate and other co-occurring anions in a single analytical run, providing both specificity and efficiency. The suppressed conductivity detection system offers high sensitivity at the low concentration levels relevant to regulatory compliance testing, making IC the method of choice for nitrite monitoring in food and supplement matrices.

This assay assesses odor characteristics of a sample, typically through sensory evaluation against standard reference conditions. Odor can indicate contamination, off-flavors, or formulation inconsistencies.

Samples are evaluated under controlled conditions to detect the presence, intensity, and character of odors. Results are compared to baseline or regulatory specifications to determine acceptability.

Results are reported qualitatively (e.g., “no abnormal odor detected” / “chlorinous,” “earthy,” etc.) or semi-quantitatively (odor intensity rating). Testing helps ensure consistent product quality, identify potential contamination, and protect brand integrity.

This assay quantifies oxalate (oxalic acid) using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method provides high specificity and sensitivity across complex matrices, capturing total oxalate after extraction.

Samples are extracted under controlled pH to solubilize oxalate, then analyzed by LC-MS/MS in MRM mode. Quantitation is performed against certified standards with isotope-dilution or internal standard calibration; QC samples and duplicate injections confirm accuracy and precision.

Results are reported in mg/kg (solids) or mg/L (liquids), with optional mg/serving for finished products. Monitoring oxalate supports safety assessments (e.g., high-oxalate botanicals), product consistency, and specification compliance.

This assay quantifies individual and total parabens using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method provides highly sensitive, selective detection of paraben esters across complex matrices, ensuring precise quantitation at trace levels.

Samples are extracted with organic solvent, filtered, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS under validated chromatographic conditions. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) is used to detect each paraben’s characteristic ion transitions. Calibration with certified standards and quality controls ensures accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in µg/g (solids) or µg/mL (liquids). Testing confirms compliance with safety regulations, verifies preservative levels, and supports clean-label or “paraben-free” product claims.

This assay detects and quantifies pesticide residues using QuEChERS extraction followed by dual-platform analysis with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. The method covers a wide scope of pesticide classes—including organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, neonicotinoids, and herbicides—offering comprehensive residue profiling across diverse matrices.

Samples undergo QuEChERS extraction to isolate pesticide residues, then are analyzed by both LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS under validated conditions. Compounds are identified and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), retention time confirmation, and certified reference standards. Quality controls and matrix spikes ensure accuracy, precision, and reproducibility.

Testing verifies compliance with international safety regulations, identifies contamination in herbal and food products, and supports clean-label and purity claims.

This assay screens for a broad spectrum of pesticide residues in food products to support international trade compliance. It uses both LC‑MS/MS and GC‑MS/MS to detect a wide range of pesticide classes, ensuring that the product meets safety standards for export and import.

Samples are extracted using a multi-residue extraction procedure, then cleaned up to reduce matrix interferences. The extract is split for analysis by LC‑MS/MS (for polar pesticides) and GC‑MS/MS (for nonpolar compounds). Calibration is done with multi-residue standards, and quality control samples (including matrix spikes and replicates) verify the method’s performance.

Results are provided in ppb for each detected pesticide residue. Non‑detectable or very low levels indicate compliance with international safety expectations, while higher residues may restrict market access or require corrective actions.

This test screens for and quantifies pesticide residues — including organochlorine, organophosphate, pyrethroid, carbamate, and other agrochemical classes — in botanical raw materials, herbal extracts, and dietary supplements in accordance with USP General Chapter <561> (Articles of Botanical Origin). Pesticide contamination in botanical ingredients is a recognized quality and safety concern arising from agricultural practices, and compliance with established pesticide residue limits is required for botanical dietary supplements marketed in the United States and internationally. USP <561> specifies acceptable limits for a defined list of pesticide residues in articles of botanical origin and references analytical methodologies consistent with internationally harmonized approaches. Results are reported in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) or parts per million (ppm) for each pesticide detected, with findings compared against applicable USP <561> or regulatory action limits.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and subjected to a validated multi-residue extraction procedure, typically employing the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method or an equivalent solvent extraction approach, followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) cleanup to remove co-extracted matrix interferences such as pigments, waxes, and lipids. The cleaned extract is analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for volatile and semi-volatile pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids) and by Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for polar and thermally labile pesticide classes (carbamates, neonicotinoids, systemic fungicides). Quantification is performed against matrix-matched multi-point calibration curves prepared from certified pesticide reference standards, with isotopically labeled internal standards used to correct for matrix effects and recovery variability. All results are compared against the pesticide residue limits specified in USP <561> and applicable regulatory guidelines.

Botanical ingredients are inherently susceptible to pesticide contamination due to their agricultural origin, and multi-residue pesticide screening is a critical component of botanical raw material qualification. USP <561> provides a harmonized, pharmacopeially recognized framework for pesticide residue testing of botanical articles, establishing specific limits for a broad range of agrochemicals relevant to botanical supply chains. The combination of GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS ensures comprehensive coverage of the full spectrum of pesticide classes, as no single analytical technique can adequately detect all relevant residues. This approach supports consumer safety, regulatory compliance, and cGMP requirements under 21 CFR 111.

This assay quantifies per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food products. PFAS are persistent chemicals known for their bioaccumulative potential and health risks. The method employs advanced LC‑MS/MS technology to detect very low levels of multiple PFAS compounds, ensuring sensitive and reliable measurement.

The sample is extracted using acid-assisted methods to release PFAS from the matrix, followed by cleanup to remove interfering substances. The extract is analyzed by LC‑MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring for various PFAS compounds. Calibration with PFAS standards and rigorous quality control (including blank and spike recoveries) ensure data integrity.

Results are reported in ng/kg or µg/kg. Lower levels indicate minimal contamination, while any measurable level is significant given the persistence of PFAS. The data are used to assess consumer exposure and guide product safety decisions.

This assay tests for phthalates and phthalate substitutes—plasticizers used in packaging that can migrate into food and supplements. Some phthalates are linked to endocrine disruption and reproductive harm, and regulations restrict their use in certain products. Testing is performed in-house using GC-MS/MS to ensure accurate detection.

The specific phthalates that are covered in this panel: DMP, DEP, DAP, DIBP, DBP, DMEP, DMPP, DEEP, DPP, DHP, BBP, DBEP, DCHP, DEHP, DPhP, DNOP, DINP, DNP, DIDA, DEHT, DIDP, DINCH, and DEHA.

Samples are extracted using a solvent system optimized for phthalate recovery, followed by cleanup (e.g., solid-phase extraction) to remove interferences. The purified extract is then analyzed using triple quadrupole GC-MS/MS, with calibration against certified standards and internal quality controls to ensure accurate and reliable measurements.

Results are expressed in ppb. Lower values indicate minimal migration of phthalates, while higher levels suggest potential contamination that could impact consumer safety and product compliance.

This panel detects and quantifies residual solvents that may remain from manufacturing, extraction, or purification processes. Using GC-MS, it screens for Class 1, 2, and 3 solvents as defined by ICH Q3C guidelines to ensure product safety and compliance with FDA and USP requirements.

Samples are prepared using headspace or direct solvent extraction methods. The extract is analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) using compound-specific retention times and mass spectral data. Quantification is performed using certified solvent standards and validated calibration curves. Internal standards and duplicate runs ensure accuracy.

Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg or µg/g). Values are compared with ICH Q3C limits based on solvent classification. This test ensures solvents are below acceptable daily exposure levels and helps validate purification processes in herbal extracts, pharmaceuticals, supplements, and cosmetics.

This test screens for and quantifies residual solvents — organic volatile impurities that may remain in raw materials, excipients, or finished products as a result of their manufacture or purification — across all three USP risk classes in accordance with USP General Chapter <467> (Residual Solvents). Class I solvents (e.g., benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane) are known or suspected human carcinogens and are subject to the strictest limits or should be avoided entirely. Class II solvents (e.g., acetonitrile, chloroform, methanol, toluene, hexane) are non-genotoxic animal carcinogens or possible causative agents of other irreversible toxicities, and are subject to defined permitted daily exposure (PDE) limits. Class III solvents (e.g., ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, acetone) have low toxic potential and are acceptable at higher levels. Residual solvent testing is critical for ensuring the safety of dietary supplement ingredients processed using organic solvents during extraction, purification, or synthesis. Results are reported in parts per million (ppm) for each solvent detected, compared against USP <467> limits.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and prepared using one or both of the sample preparation approaches specified in USP <467>: direct dissolution in a suitable solvent (Procedure A) or headspace preparation (Procedure B), in which the sample is dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate diluent in a sealed headspace vial and equilibrated at a controlled elevated temperature to partition residual volatile solvents into the headspace. The headspace gas or dissolved sample is analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and/or Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) using validated methods capable of resolving and quantifying all Class I, II, and III solvents included in the USP <467> panel. Quantification is performed against multi-point external calibration curves prepared from certified residual solvent reference standards, with an appropriate internal standard used for method performance verification. All results are compared against the concentration limits specified in USP <467> Tables 1, 2, and 3.

Residual solvent testing by USP <467> is the pharmacopeially recognized standard for organic volatile impurity control in pharmaceutical and dietary supplement ingredients, providing a structured, risk-based framework for evaluating solvent safety across all three toxicological classes. Headspace GC is the preferred technique for residual solvent analysis as it minimizes matrix interference by selectively partitioning volatile analytes into the gas phase, while GC-MS provides confirmatory identification of detected solvents. Comprehensive Class I, II, and III panel testing ensures that all solvent classes relevant to the manufacturing history of the ingredient are evaluated, supporting raw material qualification, finished product safety, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.

This test screens for the presence or absence of DNA from three ruminant species — ovine (sheep), bovine (cattle), and caprine (goat) — in dietary supplements, protein ingredients, collagen products, and food materials using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Species identification is critical for products making species-specific claims (e.g., grass-fed bovine collagen), for halal and kosher compliance verification, and for detecting undeclared animal-derived ingredients in finished products. Results are reported as detected or not detected for each of the three species individually.

A representative sample is homogenized and subjected to a validated DNA extraction procedure to isolate total genomic DNA from the matrix. The extracted DNA is amplified using species-specific PCR primers targeting mitochondrial or nuclear genomic sequences unique to ovine, bovine, and caprine species respectively. Real-time PCR (qPCR) or conventional PCR with gel electrophoresis confirmation is performed for each target species. Positive and negative controls, including an internal amplification control, are run concurrently with each batch to confirm assay performance and rule out PCR inhibition or DNA degradation. Results are reported as detected or not detected per species for the tested sample.

Species authentication is increasingly required by enterprise customers sourcing animal-derived ingredients such as collagen peptides, gelatin, whey, and organ-based supplements, where mislabeling or cross-contamination with undeclared species poses regulatory, religious, and consumer trust risks. PCR-based species identification provides highly specific and sensitive detection of species-specific DNA sequences, enabling reliable species confirmation even in processed or heat-treated matrices where protein-based immunoassay methods may be less effective.

This assay quantifies sulfate (SO₄²⁻), a common anion found in water and raw materials. Elevated sulfate levels can affect taste, product stability, and consumer safety.

Samples are prepared and analyzed for sulfate content using validated analytical techniques with calibration against certified standards. Quality controls verify accuracy and reproducibility across matrices.

Results are reported in mg/L (water, beverages) or mg/kg (solids), with the option to convert to mg/serving for finished products. Monitoring sulfate ensures compliance with drinking water standards, prevents off-flavors, and maintains product integrity.

This assay quantifies sulfur dioxide (SO₂), a commonly used preservative and antioxidant. SO₂ helps prevent microbial growth and oxidation but is strictly regulated due to potential allergenic and sensitivity concerns.

Samples are analyzed for total and/or free sulfur dioxide content using validated analytical techniques suitable for the matrix type. Quality control standards and calibration procedures ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in mg/kg (solids) or mg/L (liquids). Testing ensures compliance with FDA, EU, and Codex limits, verifies product labeling, and protects consumer safety.

This panel detects tetracycline-class antibiotic residues in dairy, colostrum, and raw material inputs. Using LC-MS/MS, it screens for tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline at trace levels.

Samples are extracted and cleaned up using solid-phase extraction, then analyzed via LC-MS/MS with compound-specific transitions. Internal standards ensure trace-level detection and reproducibility.

Results are reported in ppb (µg/kg). Compared against regulatory thresholds (e.g., FDA, Codex) to confirm absence of veterinary drug residues.

Thiourea is a compound that is not permitted for use in human food or dietary supplements by the FDA due to significant safety concerns, including potential carcinogenic effects. This test uses Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to detect and quantify trace levels of Thiourea in a wide range of raw materials and finished products, ensuring they are free from this harmful adulterant.

A representative sample is homogenized and subjected to a solvent extraction, typically using methanol or an aqueous-organic mixture, to isolate Thiourea from the matrix. The resulting extract is then clarified and concentrated, often using a Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) cleanup step to remove interfering compounds. The final extract is injected into a Liquid Chromatograph coupled to a Tandem Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS/MS), where Thiourea is quantified using a stable isotope-labeled internal standard and a multi-point calibration curve for accuracy.

Thiourea is a known animal carcinogen and is prohibited from use in human food by the FDA. Its potential presence as an undeclared substance or contaminant in raw materials poses a significant safety risk and a major regulatory compliance failure. Implementing a specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS method is essential for due diligence and to ensure products are safe and lawful for market.

This assay quantifies total trihalomethanes (the sum of chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane) in water and beverage samples. TTHMs are formed as byproducts when chlorine or other disinfectants react with organic matter.

Samples are extracted and analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Individual trihalomethanes are separated, identified, and quantified, then summed to provide a total TTHM value. Internal standards and calibration curves ensure accuracy and precision.

Results are reported in µg/L (ppb). Testing verifies compliance with EPA and international drinking water standards, identifies potential contamination sources, and supports product safety and regulatory submissions.

This assay measures viscosity using a Brookfield rotational viscometer, the industry standard for semi-solid, liquid, and suspension products. The test evaluates the resistance of a sample to spindle rotation, expressed in centipoise (cP). It is widely used to confirm formulation stability, batch-to-batch uniformity, and compliance with product specifications.

Samples are placed in a test chamber and analyzed with a Brookfield viscometer under controlled spindle speed and temperature conditions. The torque required to rotate the spindle is measured and converted into viscosity (cP). Method conditions (e.g., spindle type, RPM, temperature) are set according to product type and specification requirements.

Results are reported in centipoise (cP). Values are compared against formulation specifications to confirm viscosity targets, ensure consistent texture or flow properties, and verify processing quality. Deviations may indicate formulation issues, instability, or manufacturing errors.