This assay quantifies immunoglobulin A (IgA) using an ELISA specific for bovine or human IgA. It is commonly used in colostrum, dairy proteins, and immunonutrition products.

Samples are extracted and analyzed using a sandwich ELISA with IgA-specific antibodies. Results are determined against a certified standard curve with internal controls.

Results are reported in mg/g or mg per serving. Used to validate immune-related label claims and ingredient potency.

This assay quantifies Immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant antibody isotype, in colostrum powders, bovine plasma fractions, and immunonutrition products. Using HPLC, it verifies IgG concentration to ensure potency, standardization, and compliance with label claims for immune health products.

Samples are prepared in buffered aqueous solution and analyzed by HPLC using size-exclusion or affinity chromatography, with UV detection at a protein-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified IgG reference standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections for precision.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to specification targets and label claims to confirm IgG content, detect dilution, and ensure immunological activity across batches.

This test quantifies Immunoglobulin G (IgG) — the most abundant immunoglobulin class in bovine colostrum, whey protein fractions, and immunoglobulin concentrate ingredients — in raw materials and dietary supplements using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). IgG is the primary bioactive marker used to standardize bovine colostrum and immunoglobulin-enriched dairy ingredients, and its concentration is directly associated with the immune-supporting activity of these products. Accurate IgG quantification is essential for verifying the potency of colostrum and immunoglobulin concentrate raw materials, confirming label claims, and ensuring batch-to-batch consistency of these high-value immune nutrition ingredients. Results are reported in milligrams per gram or as a percentage of total protein.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and dissolved or diluted in an appropriate assay buffer. The quantification of IgG is performed using a validated sandwich ELISA format: a microplate is coated with a capture antibody specific to bovine IgG, followed by incubation with diluted sample and reference standards. After washing to remove unbound proteins, a species- and isotype-specific enzyme-conjugated detection antibody (e.g., anti-bovine IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugate) is added, followed by a chromogenic substrate (e.g., TMB). Quantification is performed against a multi-point calibration curve prepared from a certified bovine IgG reference standard. Samples are analyzed in duplicate or triplicate, and results are calculated from the mean absorbance values.

ELISA is the method of choice for IgG quantification in colostrum and immunoglobulin-enriched dairy matrices due to its high specificity for the target immunoglobulin isotype, sensitivity at the low concentrations relevant to finished supplement products, and ability to distinguish IgG from other immunoglobulin classes (IgA, IgM) and co-occurring dairy proteins. Unlike total protein assays, ELISA provides a direct, antibody-mediated measurement of IgG specifically, ensuring that potency results reflect the immunologically active fraction rather than total protein content. This supports label claim substantiation, raw material qualification, and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.

This test measures the concentration of immunoglobulin M (IgM), an important immune system protein, in dairy products and functional powders using a specific ELISA method. Accurate quantification of IgM helps ensure product quality and bioactivity. The assay provides results in micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) with a detection limit suitable for low-level IgM detection in complex matrices.

Samples are prepared by extracting IgM into a buffered solution optimized for protein stability. The extract is analyzed using a sandwich ELISA, where monoclonal antibodies specific to IgM capture and detect the protein. Colorimetric detection is performed at 450 nm, and quantification is achieved via a calibration curve generated from known IgM standards. Each run includes duplicate sample measurements, quality control samples, and spike recovery tests to validate accuracy and precision.

Results are reported in mg/g or per serving. This confirms the presence of immune-active fractions in colostrum and dairy products.

This assay quantifies inorganic arsenic, a toxic heavy metal that can contaminate food through water, soil, or processing. Chronic exposure is linked to serious health effects. The assay uses ICP-MS to differentiate inorganic arsenic from total arsenic, ensuring precise monitoring. The validated method includes digestion and selective extraction to isolate inorganic species from complex matrices such as grains, seaweed, or juices.

Samples are digested with acid and subjected to a selective extraction process to isolate inorganic arsenic species. The extract is then analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which provides high sensitivity and specificity. Certified reference materials and calibration standards are used to ensure accuracy, while internal standards and method blanks support quality control and reproducibility.

Results are reported in µg/kg (ppb). Lower values indicate minimal contamination, while elevated levels may trigger regulatory review or product reformulation. Results are compared against safety limits (e.g., FDA, EU, Codex). Batch-level trends or exceedances can highlight sourcing or processing issues that need correction.

This assay quantifies total inositol content—including the most bioactive isomer, myo-inositol—using LC-MS/MS. It is commonly used in supplements for hormonal health, fertility, and neurological support, and helps confirm potency in single-ingredient and blended formulations.

Samples are extracted in aqueous solution and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed with certified inositol standards, internal standard correction, and duplicate injections to ensure accurate, reproducible results.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to declared label claims and formulation targets to verify dosing accuracy and detect adulteration or degradation.

This assay quantifies iodine content in food samples, which is crucial for nutritional labeling and ensuring adequate intake for thyroid health. The method converts iodine into a measurable form and uses ICPMS for sensitive detection across various food matrices.

Food samples are acid-digested to release iodine, which is sometimes chemically reduced to stabilize the analyte. The prepared solution is introduced into an ICPMS system, where iodine is detected based on its atomic mass. Calibration with iodine standards and internal quality controls ensure the measurement’s accuracy.

Results are provided in ppb. These values allow manufacturers to verify that iodine levels meet nutritional targets and formulation requirements. Consistency across batches indicates stable fortification practices.

This test confirms the identity of Irish sea moss (Chondrus crispus Stackhouse) in raw materials, dried thallus powders, extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Chondrus crispus, commonly known as Irish moss or carrageen moss, is a red macroalgae (Rhodophyta) native to the rocky Atlantic coastlines of Europe and North America, widely used in dietary supplements for its rich content of carrageenan-type sulfated polysaccharides, iodine, trace minerals, and bioactive pigments including phycoerythrin and carotenoids. HPTLC identity testing generates a characteristic chromatographic fingerprint that is compared against an authenticated C. crispus reference standard to confirm species identity and detect potential adulteration or substitution with other red algae species — particularly Eucheuma spp. and Kappaphycus spp., which are commonly sold as "sea moss" but are botanically and chemically distinct from authentic Chondrus crispus.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate solvent system (e.g., methanol or aqueous ethanol) to capture the characteristic secondary metabolite and pigment profile of C. crispus, including phycoerythrin-derived chromophores, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. The extract is applied alongside a certified C. crispus reference standard and, where applicable, potential adulterant extracts (e.g., Eucheuma cottonii, Kappaphycus alvarezii), onto an HPTLC silica gel plate using an automated sample applicator. The plate is developed in a validated solvent system optimized to resolve the characteristic marker compounds of C. crispus. After development, the plate is evaluated under white light and UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm, and may be further derivatized with an appropriate reagent for enhanced visualization of phenolic and pigment constituents. The resulting fingerprint pattern is compared visually and, where applicable, by densitometric analysis to the authenticated reference standard in accordance with established HPTLC identity testing guidelines.

The market for Irish sea moss supplements has grown rapidly, accompanied by widespread mislabeling and substitution of authentic Chondrus crispus with tropical red algae species — primarily Eucheuma and Kappaphycus species — that are botanically unrelated and differ significantly in their phytochemical composition, mineral content, and carrageenan type. HPTLC fingerprinting provides a holistic, multi-compound chromatographic identity confirmation that distinguishes authentic C. crispus from these common substitutes based on differences in their secondary metabolite and pigment profiles, enabling detection of adulteration that would not be apparent from visual inspection or mineral content testing alone. This method aligns with USP botanical identity testing guidelines and supports cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111, ensuring that only correctly identified raw materials are used in finished products.

This assay measures iron (Fe) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method provides highly sensitive and accurate elemental quantification across diverse matrices.

Samples are digested and analyzed by ICP-MS under validated conditions. Iron is ionized in the plasma and detected by mass spectrometry. Calibration with certified reference standards and internal controls ensures accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies label claims, confirms elemental purity, and supports consistent formulation and regulatory compliance.

This panel measures total isothiocyanates using a cyclocondensation reaction followed by HPLC-UV detection. It is commonly used to assess bioactive compounds like sulforaphane in broccoli, kale, and other Brassica-based ingredients.

Samples are reacted with 1,2-benzenedithiol to form a measurable chromophore specific to isothiocyanate groups. The resulting derivative is separated and quantified using HPLC with UV detection. Certified standards and internal calibration curves are used, with duplicate runs to ensure precision.

Results are reported in µmol/g or mg per g. Values are compared to label claims or known reference ranges for Brassica extracts to confirm potency and ingredient quality.

This assay quantifies lactase enzyme activity based on Acid Lactase Units (ALU), following the Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) method. It measures the ability of the lactase enzyme to hydrolyze lactose under acidic conditions, ensuring that products marketed for dairy digestion contain effective enzyme levels.

Samples are incubated with a lactose substrate at an acidic pH. The enzymatic reaction is monitored by measuring the amount of glucose released, which correlates with lactase activity. The method follows the FCC monograph for lactase (ALU definition). Duplicate runs and standard curves using reference enzyme preparations ensure precision and reproducibility.

Results are reported in ALU/g (Acid Lactase Units per gram). Values are assessed against label claims and formulation targets to confirm potency, detect degradation, and ensure consistency across production batches.

This assay quantifies total viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in supplements, functional foods, and fermented products. It is commonly used to verify probiotic content, assess fermentation performance, or monitor microbial composition in gut health formulations.

Samples are diluted and plated on selective media such as MRS agar, then incubated under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions at controlled temperatures. Colonies characteristic of LAB are enumerated after incubation. Testing follows ISO or USP microbiological methods.

Results are reported in CFU/g or CFU/mL. Values are compared to formulation targets or probiotic label claims to confirm viability and consistency across production batches.

This assay measures lactoferrin concentration using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The method provides high specificity and sensitivity for lactoferrin quantification across dairy-based and formulated supplement products.

Samples are diluted and incubated in microplate wells coated with lactoferrin-specific antibodies. Bound antigen is detected through enzyme-linked secondary antibodies, producing a colorimetric signal proportional to concentration. Quantification is performed against a standard curve generated from known lactoferrin concentrations.

Results are reported in µg/mL (liquids) or mg/g (solids). Testing verifies label claims, confirms ingredient purity, and supports consistency in milk-derived and nutritional formulations.

This assay quantifies lactoperoxidase (LPO), a naturally occurring antimicrobial enzyme found in bovine colostrum and dairy-based ingredients. Using a validated colorimetric method, it measures LPO activity to confirm bioactive content and support immune-related and oral health claims.

Samples are extracted in aqueous buffer, and enzyme activity is measured by monitoring the oxidation of a chromogenic substrate (e.g., ABTS or TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate. Absorbance is read spectrophotometrically and compared to an LPO activity standard curve.

Results are typically reported in units of activity per gram (U/g). Values are compared to specification targets and used to confirm ingredient identity, potency, and consistency in LPO-containing products.

This assay quantifies lactose, the disaccharide sugar found in milk and dairy-derived ingredients. Using LC-MS/MS, it measures lactose content in raw materials and finished products to verify nutrition label accuracy, confirm lactose levels in dairy formulations, and support “lactose-free” or “low-lactose” claims.

Samples are extracted in aqueous solution, then analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified lactose standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy.

Results are reported in g per 100 g, g per 100 mL, or per serving. Values are compared with label claims and formulation targets to confirm compliance, detect undeclared lactose, and ensure consumer safety for sensitive populations.

This assay enumerates viable Bacillus coagulans spores in probiotic raw materials and finished products following Method J.4.0002. Results confirm probiotic strength and validate label claims for CFU content.

Samples are prepared, serially diluted, and plated onto selective agar media under specified growth conditions. Colony-forming units (CFUs) are counted after incubation. Method J.4.0002 defines standardized conditions for recovery, ensuring reliable and reproducible results.

Results are reported in CFU/g (raw materials) or CFU/serving (finished products). Testing confirms probiotic viability, verifies stability over shelf life, and ensures compliance with label claims.

This assay quantifies L-arginine, a conditionally essential amino acid involved in nitric oxide synthesis and cardiovascular support. Using LC-MS/MS, it verifies L-arginine content in dietary supplements, functional beverages, and sports nutrition products to confirm label claims and ensure potency.

Samples are extracted in aqueous solution and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed with certified L-arginine standards, applying internal standard correction and duplicate injections for precision and reproducibility.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and declared label claims to confirm dosing accuracy and detect any degradation or underformulation.

This assay measures L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AAKG), a salt formed from L-arginine and alpha-ketoglutaric acid, using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method provides high specificity and sensitivity for both components in complex pre-workout and amino acid formulations.

Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated LC-MS/MS chromatographic conditions. AAKG is quantified by detecting the arginine and α-ketoglutarate moieties in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and calculating total AAKG content against certified reference standards. Internal calibration and quality controls ensure accurate and reproducible results.

Testing verifies label claims, supports formulation consistency, and ensures potency in nitric oxide–boosting and performance-focused products.

This assay measures L-Carnitine L-Tartrate (LCLT), a stabilized and highly bioavailable form of L-carnitine, using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method provides highly selective and sensitive quantification across raw materials and finished products.

Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated LC-MS/MS chromatographic conditions. L-carnitine is detected via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and quantified against certified reference standards. Internal calibration and quality control checks ensure accurate and reproducible results.

Testing confirms label claims, verifies raw material purity, and supports consistency across carnitine-based performance formulations.

This assay quantifies L-citrulline, a conditionally essential amino acid commonly used in pre-workouts and cardiovascular supplements for its role in nitric oxide production. Using HPLC, it verifies the potency of citrulline in finished products and detects degradation or substitution over time.

Samples are extracted in aqueous solution and filtered before analysis. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with detection at a compound-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified L-citrulline standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate runs to ensure accuracy.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared with label claims and formulation targets. Testing confirms the active dose and verifies product stability throughout shelf life.

This assay measures L-Citrulline Malate using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method provides highly selective and sensitive quantification of the citrulline component while accounting for its malate salt form in complex sports-nutrition formulations.

Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated LC-MS/MS chromatographic conditions. L-Citrulline is detected in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantified against certified reference standards. Internal calibration and QC checks ensure accuracy, precision, and reproducibility across matrices.

Testing verifies label claims, ensures purity, and confirms consistent potency in citrulline-based performance supplements.

This test quantifies L-ergothioneine, a naturally occurring thiohistidine betaine amino acid found at high concentrations in mushrooms and certain other fungi, in dietary supplements and raw materials using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). L-ergothioneine has attracted significant research interest for its potent antioxidant properties, cellular protective effects, and its designation by some researchers as a potential longevity vitamin. Results are reported in mg per serving or mg per gram to support label claim verification and cGMP compliance.

A representative sample is weighed and extracted using an aqueous acidic solvent or methanol-water solvent system with sonication to ensure complete solubilization of L-ergothioneine from the matrix. The extract is filtered, diluted to volume, and injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column. Detection is performed by UV at approximately 254 nm, utilizing the characteristic UV absorbance of the thiohistidine chromophore. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified L-ergothioneine reference standard, with system suitability and QC samples run concurrently to confirm method accuracy and reproducibility.

L-ergothioneine is an emerging premium ingredient in the supplement market, and accurate quantification is essential for verifying the potency of mushroom-derived extracts and standardized ergothioneine ingredients. HPLC-UV at 254 nm provides adequate selectivity for ergothioneine in most supplement matrices; however, for complex or low-concentration samples, LC-MS/MS may be considered as a confirmatory approach to resolve any co-eluting matrix interferences and ensure label claim accuracy.

This assay quantifies L-glutamine, a conditionally essential amino acid critical for recovery and intestinal barrier support. Using LC-MS/MS, it measures glutamine content in raw materials and finished products to verify potency, ensure label accuracy, and confirm consistency across batches.

Samples are extracted in aqueous solution and analyzed by LC-MS/MS with compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using certified L-glutamine standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure reproducibility and sensitivity.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to label claims and formulation targets to confirm potency, detect degradation, or identify underformulation.

This test measures the concentration of L-glutathione, a key antioxidant, in raw materials, capsules, powders, and finished products to ensure potency, purity, and label compliance. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the method accurately quantifies L-glutathione at low detection limits, supporting quality control in antioxidant and cellular support formulations.

Samples are prepared by extraction with an appropriate solvent to release L-glutathione from the matrix. The extract is then analyzed using HPLC equipped with UV or diode-array detection to separate L-glutathione from other thiol-containing compounds. Quantification is achieved by comparing sample peak areas to a calibration curve constructed from certified L-glutathione reference standards. Method accuracy and precision are confirmed through replicate injections, quality control samples, and spike recovery assessments.

Testing verifies label claims, confirms ingredient purity, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency in glutathione-containing products.