This test confirms the identity of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in raw materials, extracts, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Piper nigrum is one of the most extensively used spices and botanical ingredients globally, and its primary bioactive alkaloid, piperine, is widely incorporated into dietary supplement formulations as a bioavailability enhancer (commonly marketed under proprietary names such as BioPerine®). HPTLC identity testing generates a characteristic chromatographic fingerprint — anchored by the prominent piperine band alongside other characteristic alkaloids and amides — that is compared against an authenticated P. nigrum reference standard to confirm species identity and detect potential adulteration, substitution with other Piper species (e.g., P. longum, P. retrofractum), or blending with inferior materials.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and extracted using an appropriate solvent system (e.g., methanol or dichloromethane) to capture the characteristic alkaloid and amide profile of P. nigrum, including piperine and related piperamides. The extract is applied alongside a certified black pepper reference standard and, where applicable, potential adulterant or related Piper species extracts, onto an HPTLC silica gel plate using an automated sample applicator. The plate is developed in a validated solvent system optimized to resolve piperine and the characteristic secondary metabolites of P. nigrum. After development, the plate is evaluated under UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm, and may be further derivatized with an appropriate reagent (e.g., anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid) for visualization under white light. The resulting fingerprint pattern is compared visually and, where applicable, by densitometric analysis to the authenticated reference standard in accordance with established HPTLC identity testing guidelines.

Black pepper and closely related Piper species share similar morphological characteristics, making botanical identity confirmation by HPTLC fingerprinting essential for distinguishing authentic P. nigrum from potential adulterants or substitutes. HPTLC provides a holistic, multi-compound chromatographic identity confirmation that is more discriminating than single-marker piperine assays alone, enabling detection of species substitution or adulteration that would not be apparent from potency testing. This method aligns with USP botanical identity testing guidelines and supports cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111, ensuring that only correctly identified raw materials are used in finished products.

This assay quantifies elemental boron in supplements, raw materials, or functional foods using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). It is commonly used to verify boron content in bone health and trace mineral formulations or ensure compliance with formulation specifications.

Samples are digested using acid-based microwave or wet digestion protocols and analyzed by ICP-MS. Quantification is performed using certified boron standards with internal standard correction and quality control samples to ensure accurate and reproducible results.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm mineral content, detect overages, and ensure dosing consistency.

This test identifies and quantifies boswellic acids, the active compounds in Boswellia extracts, which are important for product efficacy and quality control. The method uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to provide sensitive and specific detection in raw materials, powders, and finished products. Results are reported in mg/g with detection limits suitable for trace-level analysis.

Samples are prepared by extracting with methanol under controlled temperature and agitation to ensure efficient recovery of boswellic acids. The extracts are analyzed using LC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, targeting specific mass transitions for each boswellic acid. Quantification is achieved through calibration curves constructed with certified boswellic acid reference standards and corrected using an internal standard. Method accuracy and precision are verified by duplicate injections and spike recovery tests.

Results are reported via Present or Not Present. Values are compared to standardization targets and label claims to verify active content and detect underformulation or degradation.

This assay measures bovine insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a peptide growth factor present in bovine colostrum and dairy-derived ingredients. Analysis may be performed using ELISA for targeted immunoquantification or LC-MS/MS for confirmatory peptide-level measurement.

Samples are prepared and analyzed using validated ELISA and/or LC-MS/MS workflows.

ELISA uses bovine-specific antibodies to quantify IGF-1 against calibrated standards.

LC-MS/MS provides orthogonal confirmation by detecting IGF-1–specific peptide fragments following protein digestion.

Quality controls and reference materials ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies bovine IGF-1 content, supports label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency.

This assay measures bovine insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), a peptide growth factor present in bovine colostrum and dairy-derived ingredients. LC-MS/MS provides highly specific and sensitive quantification through peptide-level detection.

Samples are prepared and analyzed under validated LC-MS/MS chromatographic conditions. Following protein digestion, IGF-2–specific peptide fragments are detected using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and quantified against certified reference standards. Internal calibration and quality controls ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies bovine IGF-2 content, supports label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency in colostrum and bioactive protein products.

This assay quantifies bovine serum albumin (BSA), a major whey protein found in bovine-derived ingredients such as colostrum, serum, and dairy protein concentrates. BSA is commonly measured to assess protein quality, processing impact, or validate functional labeling.

Samples are extracted in aqueous buffer and analyzed using either:

– Colorimetric protein assays (e.g., Bradford or BCA) with BSA-specific standards, or

– BSA-specific ELISA, using monoclonal antibodies to detect and quantify BSA against a certified standard curve.

Duplicate runs and quality controls ensure accurate quantification.

Results are reported in mg/g or % w/w of BSA. Values are assessed against specification targets for ingredient consistency, batch-to-batch variation, or formulation transparency.

This assay screens for Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S—chemicals used in plastic production that may leach into food products. The method extracts these compounds from complex matrices and quantifies them using LC‑MS/MS. It is critical for monitoring potential endocrine disruptors from packaging materials.

Samples are extracted using an optimized solvent system and cleaned up (often via solid-phase extraction) to reduce matrix interference. The cleaned extract is analyzed by LC‑MS/MS, where separation and detection occur via specific mass transitions. Calibration with certified standards and internal controls ensures reliable quantification.

Results are expressed in µg/kg. Non-detectable or very low levels indicate minimal chemical migration, whereas any measurable amount is significant due to the low safety thresholds. The data enable manufacturers to evaluate packaging materials and process controls.

This test identifies and quantifies BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157), a synthetic pentadecapeptide composed of 15 amino acids, in research formulations and raw materials using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). BPC-157 is used in research contexts for its studied effects on musculoskeletal repair, gut health, and angiogenesis. LC-MS/MS provides the molecular specificity required to confirm peptide identity and accurately measure concentration, distinguishing BPC-157 from degradation products, related peptide impurities, and other co-formulated compounds. Results are reported in mg per vial, mg per mL, or mg per gram as applicable.

A representative sample is dissolved or diluted in an aqueous solvent system (typically 0.1% formic acid in water/acetonitrile) and filtered prior to injection. The solution is injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ionization Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. Precursor-to-product ion transitions specific to BPC-157 are monitored for both quantification and identity confirmation. Quantification is performed against a multi-point calibration curve prepared from a certified BPC-157 reference standard, with a stable isotope-labeled or structurally analogous internal standard used to correct for matrix effects and recovery variability.

BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide that requires a highly specific analytical method to confirm both identity and potency, as its molecular structure cannot be distinguished from impurities or degradation products by UV-based methods alone. LC-MS/MS provides the mass accuracy and selectivity needed to unambiguously confirm the peptide sequence and quantify it at the concentration levels relevant to research formulations, supporting product integrity and accurate labeling.

This assay detects and quantifies Brazil nut protein using a sensitive ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). It confirms the presence or absence of Brazil nut contamination in raw ingredients, finished products, and production environments—essential for validating nut-free claims and meeting FDA allergen labeling requirements.

Samples are extracted and analyzed using a sandwich ELISA designed specifically for Brazil nut protein. The method uses antibody-based detection with colorimetric readout, and results are calculated against a certified standard curve. Duplicate testing and internal controls are used to ensure precision.

Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg) of Brazil nut protein. The assay is capable of detecting trace contamination at low ppm levels, providing critical assurance for allergen-sensitive consumers and label compliance.

This test measures the proteolytic (protein-digesting) activity of bromelain — a mixture of cysteine proteases derived from the stem and fruit of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) — in raw materials and dietary supplements using the Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) standardized activity assay. Bromelain is widely used in dietary supplements for its digestive enzyme activity, anti-inflammatory properties, and support for muscle recovery and joint health. Enzyme activity is expressed in Bromelain Casein Units (BCU) or Gelatin Digesting Units (GDU), where one GDU is defined as the amount of enzyme that digests a defined quantity of gelatin substrate per unit time under specified assay conditions. Accurate activity verification is essential for confirming that bromelain ingredient potency meets label claim specifications and for ensuring consistent functional performance across batches. Results are reported in BCU or GDU per gram or per serving.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and dissolved in an appropriate cold buffer to prepare a working enzyme solution. The bromelain activity assay is performed according to the FCC monograph procedure using a casein or gelatin substrate: a defined volume of the enzyme solution is incubated with the substrate at a controlled pH (typically pH 6.0–7.0) and temperature (37°C) for a precisely timed reaction period. For the BCU assay, the reaction is terminated by addition of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to precipitate undigested protein, and the absorbance of the TCA-soluble hydrolysate — reflecting the concentration of liberated tyrosine and tyrosine-equivalent peptides — is measured spectrophotometrically at 275 nm. Enzyme activity is calculated from the absorbance reading using the FCC-defined unit calculation, referenced against a tyrosine standard curve. Reagent blanks and substrate controls are run concurrently to correct for non-enzymatic hydrolysis and background absorbance.

The FCC bromelain activity assay is the standardized, industry-recognized method for bromelain potency measurement, providing a reproducible and internationally accepted unit of enzyme activity (BCU or GDU) that enables direct comparison of potency across different bromelain sources, suppliers, and batches. FCC-defined activity units are the standard for enzyme ingredient labeling and quality specifications in the dietary supplement industry, ensuring that label claims accurately reflect functional enzymatic potency rather than total protein mass. This approach is more meaningful for quality control of enzyme ingredients than protein content assays alone, as enzyme activity can be significantly affected by processing conditions, storage, and formulation. The method supports label claim substantiation and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.

This assay quantifies bromelain activity using the USP titration method, reported in Gelatin Digesting Units (GDU). The test measures the proteolytic activity of bromelain based on its ability to hydrolyze protein substrates under standardized conditions.

Samples are incubated with a gelatin or protein substrate under controlled pH and temperature per USP requirements. The extent of protein digestion is determined by titration of released amino groups. Enzyme activity is calculated according to the USP definition of one GDU. Calibration standards and duplicate analyses ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies enzyme potency, supports label claims, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency in bromelain-containing formulations.

This assay quantifies butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a synthetic antioxidant used to prevent oxidation in oils, snacks, and supplements. Using LC-MS/MS, it detects trace levels of BHT to verify formulation accuracy, meet regulatory standards, or support “BHT-free” label claims.

Samples are extracted with organic solvents under light- and oxygen-protected conditions. The extract is analyzed by LC-MS/MS with detection based on compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using high-purity BHT standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure reliable results.

Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg or mg/L). The values are assessed against legal limits (e.g., FDA, EU) and declared label specifications. Testing helps verify antioxidant dosing in processed foods and detect undeclared use in clean-label or natural product lines.

This assay quantifies butyric acid (butyrate), a short-chain fatty acid commonly used in gut health and digestive support supplements. Using HPLC, it measures butyrate content in capsules, powders, or coated formulations to verify label claims and support functional product development.

Samples are extracted in aqueous or acidified solvent and analyzed by HPLC with UV or refractive index detection, depending on the matrix. Quantification is performed using certified butyric acid standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to label claims and formulation targets to confirm proper dosing and detect potential degradation or substitution.

This assay quantifies caffeine, a widely used stimulant found in energy drinks, pre-workouts, nootropics, and fat burners. Using HPLC, it verifies caffeine content to ensure label accuracy and prevent over- or under-dosing in finished products.

Samples are extracted in aqueous or methanol solution and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a caffeine-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified caffeine standards, with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared with declared label claims and formulation targets to confirm proper dosing and detect any misformulation.

This assay measures calcium (Ca) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method provides accurate elemental quantification across diverse matrices and supports both nutritional labeling and quality control.

Samples are digested and analyzed by ICP-MS under validated conditions. Calcium is ionized in the plasma and detected by mass spectrometry. Calibration with certified reference standards and internal controls ensures accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies label claims, confirms elemental purity, and supports consistent formulation and regulatory compliance.

This test measures the concentration of Calcium HMB, the calcium salt of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, to verify the potency and quality of raw materials and finished products such as powders and capsules. The assay uses High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection to specifically quantify Calcium HMB. Results are reported in mg per gram or per serving to ensure accurate dosage compliance.

Samples are prepared by dissolving a weighed portion in an aqueous solvent, followed by filtration to remove particulates. The solution is injected into an HPLC system equipped with a reversed-phase column and UV detection set at 210 nm, optimal for HMB absorption. Quantification is achieved using a calibration curve generated from certified Calcium HMB reference standards across a defined concentration range. Method accuracy and precision are confirmed through duplicate injections, inclusion of quality control samples, and spike recovery experiments to validate extraction efficiency.

Testing verifies label claims, ensures product consistency, and confirms the standardized potency expected in CaHMB-containing formulations.

This assay detects the presence of Candida species (typically Candida albicans) in dietary supplements, food products, and raw materials, following USP <2021>/<2022> Microbial Limits Tests. It ensures products are free of objectionable yeasts that may pose health or quality risks.

Samples are prepared and enriched in growth media, then plated on selective agar designed for yeast and mold. Colonies with morphology consistent with Candida are evaluated and confirmed using biochemical or molecular identification methods per USP protocols.

Results are reported as Absent/Present per g (or per mL). USP specifications generally require the absence of Candida in specified sample sizes for dietary supplements and raw materials. This testing verifies compliance with pharmacopeial standards and ensures consumer safety.

This test quantifies caprylic acid (C8:0), a medium-chain saturated fatty acid, in dietary supplements, MCT oil products, and raw materials using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Caprylic acid is valued for its rapid absorption and conversion to ketones, making it a key active ingredient in MCT-based and ketogenic formulations. Accurate quantification ensures the declared concentration of caprylic acid is present and that the fatty acid profile meets product specifications. Results are reported in mg per serving or as a percentage of total fat content, as applicable.

A representative sample is weighed and subjected to fatty acid extraction using an organic solvent system, followed by derivatization — typically as fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) or phenacyl esters — to improve chromatographic retention and UV detectability. The derivatized extract is injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column, and detection is performed by UV at approximately 210–254 nm depending on the derivatization approach used. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified caprylic acid reference standard, with system suitability and QC samples run concurrently to confirm method performance.

Caprylic acid is a primary label-claimed ingredient in MCT oil and ketogenic supplement products, and accurate potency measurement is essential for label claim substantiation and cGMP compliance. HPLC with derivatization provides the retention and UV sensitivity needed to quantify caprylic acid specifically within a broader fatty acid profile, distinguishing it from capric acid (C10:0) and other co-present medium- and long-chain fatty acids in complex lipid matrices.

This assay quantifies L-carnitine, a conditionally essential nutrient involved in mitochondrial energy transfer and fat metabolism. Using LC-MS/MS, it verifies L-carnitine content in supplements, beverages, and performance products to ensure proper dosing and label accuracy.

Samples are extracted in acidified aqueous solution and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using compound-specific mass transitions. Quantification is performed using high-purity L-carnitine standards with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision and reproducibility.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to declared label claims and formulation targets. This assay helps confirm ingredient integrity and supports functional claims in metabolic health and sports nutrition products.

This test quantifies carvacrol — the primary phenolic monoterpenoid found in oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil and a key bioactive compound in thyme and other aromatic herbs — in botanical extracts, essential oils, raw materials, and dietary supplements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Carvacrol is the principal marker compound used to standardize oregano oil extracts and is responsible for the ingredient's well-documented antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. Accurate quantification confirms that the extract meets its declared potency and that the correct botanical material is present. Results are reported as a percentage or in milligrams per gram or per serving.

A representative sample is accurately weighed and dissolved or diluted in an appropriate organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol. The solution is filtered through a 0.2 µm membrane and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column, with UV detection at approximately 270–280 nm. Quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified carvacrol reference standard. Peak identity is confirmed by retention time and UV spectral comparison to the reference standard, and the method resolves carvacrol from its structural isomer thymol, which may co-occur in oregano and thyme-derived materials. System suitability and quality control standards are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy and precision.

Oregano oil extracts are commercially standardized on the basis of carvacrol content, typically to 60–80% or higher, making accurate HPLC quantification essential for verifying that a given extract meets its standardization claim. Carvacrol and thymol are structural isomers with similar UV absorbance profiles, and HPLC provides the chromatographic resolution needed to quantify each compound independently — an important distinction as their relative proportions vary between botanical species and can affect both the biological activity and the authenticity of the extract. This test supports raw material qualification and label claim compliance under 21 CFR 111.

This assay measures casein, the primary protein fraction in milk, to support nutritional labeling and quality control. Casein testing is important for confirming formulation accuracy, detecting adulteration, and ensuring consistent product composition.

Samples are analyzed using validated protein quantification techniques appropriate for dairy matrices. Results represent the concentration of total casein relative to other milk proteins. Quality controls and reference standards are used to ensure accuracy.

Testing verifies protein standardization, supports regulatory compliance, and confirms authenticity of dairy ingredients.

This assay detects and quantifies cashew protein using a highly sensitive ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). It is used to verify the absence or presence of cashew contamination in raw ingredients, finished products, and facility surfaces—critical for compliance with FDA labeling laws and allergen-control programs.

Samples are extracted and tested using a sandwich ELISA specific to cashew proteins. The method involves antibody-antigen binding with colorimetric detection, and results are measured against a validated standard curve. Duplicate wells and appropriate controls are included to ensure accurate quantification.

Results are reported in ppm (mg/kg) of cashew protein. The test can detect trace levels, typically down to 1–5 ppm depending on the matrix, allowing manufacturers to verify nut-free status and protect allergic individuals.

This panel quantifies key catechins commonly found in green tea and botanical extracts: epicatechin, epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Using HPLC, it verifies the concentration of each catechin to ensure consistency in antioxidant and metabolic health formulations.

Samples are extracted using methanol or aqueous solvents under light-protected conditions. The extract is analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at catechin-specific wavelengths. Quantification is performed using certified standards for each compound, with internal standard correction and duplicate runs to ensure accuracy.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving for each catechin. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm active content and support claims related to antioxidant, cardiovascular, or metabolic benefits.

This assay detects celery DNA using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), a highly specific method used to identify trace levels of celery contamination in food products, supplements, or ingredient supply chains—especially in regions where celery is a regulated allergen (e.g., EU).

DNA is extracted from the sample and amplified using celery-specific primers. The presence of celery is confirmed through real-time or endpoint PCR analysis, with duplicate reactions and appropriate positive and negative controls to ensure result validity.

Results are reported as Detected / Not Detected. The assay typically detects celery down to 10 ppm or lower, depending on the matrix and processing conditions.