This test quantifies naringin, a flavanone glycoside and the primary bitter bioactive compound found in grapefruit and other citrus fruits, in dietary supplements, citrus extracts, and raw materials using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). Naringin is widely used as a potency marker for grapefruit and citrus bioflavonoid extracts and has been studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-modulating properties. Results are reported in mg per serving or as a percentage of extract weight to support label claim verification and cGMP compliance.

A representative sample is weighed and extracted using a methanol or ethanol-water solvent system with sonication or gentle heating to ensure complete solubilization of naringin from the matrix. The extract is filtered, diluted to volume, and injected onto a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column. Detection is performed by UV at approximately 283–284 nm, and quantification is performed against a multi-point external calibration curve prepared from a certified naringin reference standard. System suitability and QC samples are run concurrently to confirm method accuracy and reproducibility across the analytical run.

Naringin is the primary standardization marker for grapefruit extract and citrus bioflavonoid ingredients, and accurate quantification is essential for verifying extract potency and label claim compliance. HPLC-UV provides the selectivity needed to resolve naringin from structurally related flavonoids — including hesperidin, narirutin, and neohesperidin — that are commonly co-present in citrus-derived matrices, delivering reliable potency data for both raw material qualification and finished product release testing.

This assay quantifies NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a vital coenzyme involved in redox reactions and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Using HPLC, it verifies NAD⁺ content in supplements and functional products to confirm bioactive potency and support claims related to energy, longevity, and cellular health.

Samples are extracted under cold, acid-stabilized conditions to preserve NAD⁺ integrity, then analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a compound-specific wavelength. Quantification is performed using certified NAD⁺ standards with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision.

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and label claims to confirm potency and detect degradation, which NAD⁺ is particularly susceptible to in heat or pH-variable environments.

This assay quantifies nicotinamide riboside, a bioavailable form of vitamin B3 that acts as a precursor to NAD⁺. The test measures active content using LC-MS/MS to ensure potency and formulation accuracy in supplements targeting metabolic and cellular health.

Samples are extracted under controlled conditions to preserve nicotinamide riboside. The extract is analyzed by LC-MS/MS with detection based on specific mass transitions. Calibration with high-purity standards, along with internal standard correction and duplicate runs, ensures reliable quantification.

Results are provided in mg per 100 g or per serving. The values are compared with expected targets and label claims. Stable levels across batches confirm formulation consistency, while deviations may indicate instability or degradation.

This assay quantifies nicotine levels in food or plant-derived products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nicotine is an alkaloid commonly found in tobacco and related species, and its measurement is critical in ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and validating product labeling. The method uses a validated HPLC protocol that isolates nicotine from complex matrices, achieving accurate quantification with minimal interference.

Samples are homogenized and subjected to solvent extraction using a method optimized for nicotine recovery. After filtration and cleanup, the extract is analyzed by HPLC, which separates nicotine from other matrix components based on retention time. Quantification is performed using UV detection against calibration curves prepared with qualified reference standards. Quality controls and internal standards ensure reproducibility and accuracy.

Results are reported as numerical concentrations (typically in ppm or µg/g). Lower values indicate minimal nicotine presence, often consistent with regulatory thresholds for non-tobacco products. The results support both compliance verification and quality control for product consistency across batches.

This assay quantifies nitrate (NO₃⁻). Results reflect the concentration of nitrate, a naturally occurring compound that can accumulate through agricultural practices or environmental contamination.

Results are reported in mg/L (water, beverages) or mg/kg (solids) and can also be converted to mg/serving for finished products. Monitoring nitrate ensures compliance with drinking water standards, verifies label claims for nitrate-rich foods (e.g., beetroot), and helps assess product safety.

This assay quantifies nitrate content in beet juice, powders, and related raw materials using Ion Chromatography (IC). It measures nitrate ions directly, ensuring accurate assessment of beet products marketed for cardiovascular support, endurance, and nitric oxide boosting effects.

Samples are dissolved in water and filtered before analysis by ion chromatography with conductivity detection. Nitrate ions are separated on an anion-exchange column and quantified against certified nitrate standards. Duplicate injections and QC samples are run to ensure reproducibility and accuracy.

Results are reported in mg/g (powders) or mg/100 mL (juices), and may also be expressed per serving. Values are compared against product specifications and label claims to confirm potency and detect batch-to-batch variability.

This assay quantifies nitrite (NO₂⁻), a reactive nitrogen species that can form naturally in foods or as a preservative byproduct. Monitoring nitrite helps assess product safety, prevent excess intake, and verify compliance with food and water regulations.

Samples are analyzed for nitrite content using validated analytical instrumentation with calibration against certified standards. Quality controls and duplicate runs ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in mg/L (water, beverages) or mg/kg (solids), with the option to convert to mg/serving for finished products. Testing confirms compliance with regulatory limits, supports label claims, and ensures consumer safety.

This assay quantifies NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide), a precursor to NAD⁺ widely used in longevity and mitochondrial health supplements. Using HPLC, it verifies NMN content in raw materials and finished products to ensure label accuracy, proper dosing, and product stability.

Samples are extracted in aqueous or buffered solution and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at a compound-specific wavelength (typically ~260 nm). Quantification is performed using certified NMN standards with internal standard correction and duplicate injections to ensure precision and

Results are reported in mg per g or per serving. Values are compared to formulation targets and declared label claims to confirm potency and detect degradation or adulteration.

This test evaluates an ingredient or finished product for the presence of detectable genetically modified organism (GMO) DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis. The assay is designed for materials derived from crops with commercially relevant genetically engineered varieties, such as corn, soy, canola, cotton, sugar beet, alfalfa, papaya, potato, or other applicable source crops. Testing may be performed as a qualitative screening assay, a crop-specific assay, an event-specific assay, or a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay, depending on the product’s declared species, intended claim, regulatory jurisdiction, and requested reporting threshold.

A representative sample is homogenized under contamination-controlled conditions, and DNA is extracted using a validated method appropriate for the matrix. DNA yield, purity, amplifiability, and the presence of PCR inhibitors are evaluated using suitable internal controls, including a species-specific endogenous gene target where applicable. Extracted DNA is analyzed by conventional PCR and/or real-time qPCR using validated primer and probe sets for relevant GMO screening elements and crop-specific targets. Appropriate assay controls are included in each batch, including extraction blanks, no-template controls, positive GMO DNA controls, non-GMO negative controls, and internal amplification controls. Where the initial screening assay indicates the presence of a GMO-associated sequence, confirmatory testing is performed using additional target-specific methods when sufficient sample DNA and applicable event coverage are available.

PCR is the most direct and widely accepted analytical approach for detecting genetically engineered plant material because it targets DNA sequences introduced, modified, or associated with specific GMO events. Compared with protein-based assays, PCR remains useful for many processed materials where genetically engineered proteins may be degraded or absent, provided that amplifiable DNA remains in the sample. Use of multiple screening targets, taxon-specific controls, and confirmatory event-specific methods improves confidence in the result and helps distinguish true positive findings from environmental or laboratory contamination. The test supports supplier qualification, raw-material verification, non-GMO claim substantiation, and quality-system documentation under dietary supplement cGMP requirements in 21 CFR 111.

This comprehensive assay compiles a full nutritional profile of a food product by integrating results from multiple individual tests. It measures macronutrients, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other components to provide the complete data required for label statements and nutritional information.

The sample is subjected to a series of standardized assays (e.g., Dumas for protein, Soxhlet for fat, AOAC methods for fiber, HPLC for vitamins) under controlled conditions. Data from each test are compiled and cross-checked against quality control samples. The final nutritional facts panel is reviewed for accuracy before reporting.

Results are delivered as quantitative values (e.g., calories, grams per serving) for each nutrient. These data enable manufacturers to verify that their products meet nutritional targets and comply with labeling requirements. The integrated panel provides a clear overview of the product’s nutritional composition.

This assay assesses odor characteristics of a sample, typically through sensory evaluation against standard reference conditions. Odor can indicate contamination, off-flavors, or formulation inconsistencies.

Samples are evaluated under controlled conditions to detect the presence, intensity, and character of odors. Results are compared to baseline or regulatory specifications to determine acceptability.

Results are reported qualitatively (e.g., “no abnormal odor detected” / “chlorinous,” “earthy,” etc.) or semi-quantitatively (odor intensity rating). Testing helps ensure consistent product quality, identify potential contamination, and protect brand integrity.

This test evaluates the key organoleptic and physical characteristics of a product, including appearance, color, odor, packaging integrity, and texture, through structured sensory inspection. Organoleptic testing is a critical component of incoming raw material and finished product release testing, providing a rapid first-line assessment of product identity, quality, and consistency before more detailed analytical testing is performed. Results are reported as pass/fail against predefined product specifications.

A representative sample is visually and physically inspected by a trained analyst under standardized lighting and environmental conditions. Each attribute — appearance, color, odor, packaging integrity, and texture — is evaluated against documented product specifications and reference standards. Observations are recorded on a standardized inspection form, and any deviation from specification triggers further investigation or rejection. Packaging integrity is assessed for seal quality, label accuracy, and absence of damage or contamination.

Organoleptic evaluation is one of the most fundamental quality control checks in the supplement and food industry. Deviations in color, odor, or texture can indicate ingredient degradation, contamination, incorrect raw materials, or a manufacturing process failure — issues that may not be immediately apparent from chemical testing alone. Establishing a documented sensory inspection protocol ensures consistent, reproducible assessments across analysts and batches, supporting cGMP compliance and reducing the risk of releasing non-conforming product.

This assay measures PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid), a B-complex–related compound used in nutritional and cosmetic formulations. HPLC provides accurate and selective quantification of PABA in raw materials and finished products.

Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated HPLC chromatographic conditions. PABA is separated from related aromatic compounds and detected via UV absorbance. Quantitation is performed with certified reference standards; calibration curves and replicate injections ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing confirms label claims, verifies purity, and ensures consistency across production batches.

This assay measures palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), also known as palmitic acid monoethanolamide, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The analysis provides accurate quantification for quality control and standardization in raw materials and finished products.

Samples are extracted and analyzed under validated HPLC chromatographic conditions. PEA is separated from related fatty acid ethanolamides and detected via UV or diode-array detection. Quantitation is performed using certified reference standards, with calibration curves and replicate injections ensuring accuracy and reproducibility.

Testing verifies label claims, confirms ingredient purity, and ensures batch-to-batch consistency.

This test confirms the botanical identity of Panax ginseng root in raw materials and finished products using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). The characteristic ginsenoside fingerprint of the sample is compared against a certified Panax ginseng reference standard to confirm species authenticity and detect substitution with related species such as American ginseng (P. quinquefolius) or Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus). Results are reported as confirmed identity or non-conforming.

A representative sample is extracted using methanol and applied alongside a certified Panax ginseng reference standard onto an HPTLC silica gel plate. The plate is developed in a validated solvent system, derivatized with anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid reagent, and the resulting fingerprint is compared visually and by densitometric scanning to the reference standard in terms of Rf values, band positions, and color profile.

Panax ginseng is one of the most frequently adulterated botanical ingredients globally, with substitution by less expensive ginseng species a well-documented industry problem. HPTLC identity testing provides a rapid and defensible confirmation of botanical species, supporting supplier qualification and cGMP compliance under 21 CFR 111.

This assay measures the p‑anisidine value, which quantifies secondary oxidation products (aldehydes) in fats and oils. It provides an indication of the extent of oxidative deterioration during storage or processing, serving as a key quality parameter for fat freshness.

A measured fat sample is reacted with a p‑anisidine reagent under controlled conditions. After incubation, the intensity of the color developed is measured by spectrophotometry. The absorbance is then converted to a p‑anisidine value using a calibration factor derived from standard solutions. Duplicate analyses and quality controls ensure reliable results.

Results are presented as a numerical value; lower values indicate minimal oxidation and fresher fat quality, while higher values suggest increased oxidation and potential rancidity. These values help manufacturers monitor shelf life and determine the need for antioxidant interventions.

This assay quantifies individual and total parabens using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method provides highly sensitive, selective detection of paraben esters across complex matrices, ensuring precise quantitation at trace levels.

Samples are extracted with organic solvent, filtered, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS under validated chromatographic conditions. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) is used to detect each paraben’s characteristic ion transitions. Calibration with certified standards and quality controls ensures accuracy and reproducibility.

Results are reported in µg/g (solids) or µg/mL (liquids). Testing confirms compliance with safety regulations, verifies preservative levels, and supports clean-label or “paraben-free” product claims.

This test measures the particle size distribution of a powder or granular material by passing it through a single mesh sieve of a defined aperture size, as specified in USP <786> (Particle Size Distribution Estimation by Analytical Sieving). It determines the percentage of material retained on or passing through the sieve, providing a direct measure of compliance with particle size specifications. The test is applicable to raw material powders, excipients, and granulated finished products. Results are reported as the percentage retained (or passing) at the specified mesh size.

A pre-weighed sample is loaded onto a single sieve of the specified mesh size and subjected to mechanical agitation for a defined duration under controlled conditions, per USP <786>. Following sieving, the mass retained on the sieve and the mass passing through are each weighed. The percentage retained and percentage passing are calculated relative to the initial sample weight. The sieve is inspected before and after use to confirm mesh integrity, and results are reported against the product-specific acceptance criterion.

Particle size directly affects the physical and functional properties of powders and granules, including blend homogeneity, flowability, compressibility, and dissolution rate. A single-mesh sieve test provides a rapid, cost-effective pass/fail assessment against a defined specification, making it a standard incoming quality control check for raw materials and an in-process control for granulation and milling operations.

This test measures the particle size distribution of powders, granules, and liquid suspensions using laser diffraction, per USP <429> (Light Diffraction Measurement of Particle Size). Laser diffraction measures the angular pattern of light scattered by particles as they pass through a laser beam, generating a full particle size distribution curve with key reporting parameters including D10, D50, D90, and span values. Unlike single-mesh sieve testing, laser diffraction characterizes the complete size distribution across the full sample population, making it the preferred method for fine powders, micronized ingredients, and nanosuspensions where sieve analysis is impractical. Results are reported in micrometers (µm).

A representative sample is dispersed in either a dry powder module (for free-flowing powders) or a liquid dispersant medium (for fine or cohesive powders and suspensions) appropriate to the material being tested. The dispersed sample is passed through the laser beam of the diffractometer, and the angular light scattering pattern is measured and converted to a particle size distribution using Mie or Fraunhofer optical theory, as appropriate for the particle size range and refractive index of the material.

Particle size is a critical quality attribute that directly influences the dissolution rate, bioavailability, flowability, blending uniformity, and aerosolization performance of powdered ingredients. Laser diffraction provides a rapid, reproducible, and high-resolution full distribution profile that is far more informative than a single-point sieve result, making it the method of choice for micronized actives, botanical powders, and any ingredient where particle size is a defined specification parameter.

This assay verifies the identity of Passiflora incarnata using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Characteristic chromatographic fingerprints are compared against authenticated reference material to confirm botanical identity.

Samples are extracted and applied to an HPTLC plate alongside reference standards. After chromatographic development and visualization under appropriate conditions, the resulting banding pattern is evaluated and compared to the reference profile for identity confirmation.

Testing supports raw material authentication, supplier verification, and quality control for botanical ingredients.

Initially, a sample is measured for the Amino Acid composition using method AOAC 994.12. A human digestion simulation follows, breaking down the proteins into amino acids, which are reacted with Ninhydrin and measured; determining the digestibility. Taking the limiting amino acid value the digestibility is corrected resulting in a Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS).

The sample undergoes controlled enzymatic digestion using the patented in vitro method. The extent of protein breakdown is measured and used to calculate PDCAAS.

Results are reported on a 0–1 scale. A score of 1.0 indicates high-quality protein, while lower scores suggest amino acid limitations or reduced digestibility.

This assay detects peanut proteins in food samples using a highly specific immunoassay. It is essential for verifying that products labeled as peanut‑free are free from cross-contact, thereby protecting consumers with peanut allergies.

Samples are extracted in a protein-solubilizing buffer and applied to ELISA plates pre-coated with antibodies against peanut proteins. After incubation and thorough washing, a secondary enzyme-linked antibody is added, and a colorimetric reaction is developed. The resulting absorbance is compared to a calibration curve created from known peanut protein standards, with duplicate wells and controls ensuring accuracy.

Results are reported in parts per million (ppm) of peanut protein. Values below the detection limit confirm the absence of peanut allergens, while any measurable level suggests potential cross-contact that may require process modifications.

This assay determines the peroxide value of fats and oils, indicating the extent of primary oxidation. It measures the concentration of hydroperoxides formed during processing or storage, serving as an indicator of product freshness and stability.

A measured fat sample is dissolved in a suitable solvent and reacted with the reagents provided in the test kit. The resulting color change is measured by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The absorbance is converted to a peroxide value using a calibration factor from standard solutions, and duplicate tests ensure reliability.

Results are reported in milliequivalents of peroxide per kilogram of fat. Lower values suggest fresher, less oxidized fat, while higher values indicate increased oxidation that may affect flavor and shelf life. The numerical data help manufacturers assess storage conditions and antioxidant effectiveness.

This assay detects and quantifies pesticide residues using QuEChERS extraction followed by dual-platform analysis with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. The method covers a wide scope of pesticide classes—including organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, neonicotinoids, and herbicides—offering comprehensive residue profiling across diverse matrices.

Samples undergo QuEChERS extraction to isolate pesticide residues, then are analyzed by both LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS under validated conditions. Compounds are identified and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), retention time confirmation, and certified reference standards. Quality controls and matrix spikes ensure accuracy, precision, and reproducibility.

Testing verifies compliance with international safety regulations, identifies contamination in herbal and food products, and supports clean-label and purity claims.